- Introduction
- Appendices
- Appendix 1: The moral canon: Šurpu
- Appendix 2: Hymn to Enlil, the wind-god
- Appendix 3: Hymn to Shamash, the sun-god
- Appendix 4: Prayer to the “gods of the night”
- Appendix 5: Omens based on anomalies in the world of animated beings
- Appendix 6: Planetary omens
- Appendix 7: Manual for a seer examining a sacrificed animal
- Appendix 8: Omens based on oil and water
- Appendix 9: References to prophetic episodes
- Appendix 10: Theophanic dreams
- Appendix 11: Epiphanic dreams
- Appendix 12: Proverbs
- Appendix 13: Spells for “his release” (namburbi)
- Appendix 14: Spells for “the rise of the heart” (šaziga)
- Appendix 15: Spells of “incineration” (šurpu)
- Appendix 16: Spells of the “stake” (maqlû)
- Appendix 17: Personal names
Back to top: Appendices
Introduction
This page provides the full text of the Appendices of G. Buccellati’s book “When on High the Heavens…”, offering both the transcription (both the graphemic transliteration and the phonemic transcription) of the Akkadian texts (according to the sources chosen by the author, put on top of each Appendix) and their English transations (following G. Buccellati’s own translation).
When available, a link (put on the main bolded title of each text) to pictures of transcription from original tablets (autographs) or other cuneiform sources (e.g. C D L I, indicated with siglum P + No.) is displayed (see under “Autograph” for bibliographic references). Sometimes, links to Museums are offered as well.
For abbreviations used in referring to original cuneiform tablets (and for other abbreviations), see Abbreviations for Assyriology.
The Appendices are here listed in their numerical order, as in the volume.
For the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, we follow that of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia [BHS] (available on Tanakh Project).
NB1: Please note that almost all the phonemic transcriptions are by M. De Pietri and S. Ermidoro (the source indicated in the top table refers to the original source of the syllabic transcription).
NB2: Please note that phonemic transcription follows what is stated in Buccellati 1996 Grammar = Buccellati, Giorgio 1996, A Structural Grammar of Babylonian, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, in particular pp. 20-21 for what concerns phonemic lenght.
Back to top: Appendices
Appendices
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 1: The moral canon: Šurpu
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Sources: Autograph: Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 1861-1884, The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, London: R.E. Bowler (vol. IV, under Tablets' nos. = Pls. 51-52, with Addenda on pp. 9-10). Akkadian text and English translation (columns 1-2 and 3): Reiner 1958 Surpu = Reiner, Erica 1970, Šurpu: A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations, Archiv für Orientforschung. Beiheft 11 (second facsimile reprint after 1958 edition, Graz: im Selbstverlage des Herausgebers), Osnabruck: Biblio Verlag. Hebrew text [BHS] and English translation (columns 5-6): Tanakh Project. NB1: Please note that almost all the phonemic transcriptions are by M. De Pietri and S. Ermidoro (the source indicated in the top table refers to the original source of the syllabic transcription). NB2: Please note that for an editorial decision and for uniformity to what is stated in Buccellati 1996 Grammar = Buccellati, Giorgio 1996, A Structural Grammar of Babylonian, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 20-21, in the phonemic transcription the use of the circumflex ( ＾ ) is avoided and instead only the macron ( ¯ ) is used. |
II B = K. 5495 [CDLI: P396044] + (K. 6423a + K. 12000 1 + K. 12000m + K. 6423 [CDLI: P396521] + K. *10058 + K. 13257) |
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Rainer |
gB |
text |
Tanakh Project |
gB |
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| 1. [ÉN lu-u paṭ-ra] DINGIR.MEŠ GAL.MEŠ 2. [DINGIR u] dEŠ4.DAR EN.MEŠ tap-šìr-ti 3. [NENNI A] NENNI šá DINGIR-šú NENNI dXV-šú NENNI-tum |
1. [šiptum lū paṭra] ilūm rabūtum 2. [ilum u] iltum bēlū tapširti 3. [mamman A] mamman ša ilišu mamman iltišu mammatum |
1. Incantation: May it be released, great gods 2. [god and] goddess, lords of absolution. 3. [NN, son of] NN, whose god is NN, whose goddess is NN, |
Incantation, O great gods, lords of absolution, for the deliverance of NN, son of NN, whose personal god is NN, whose personal goddess is NN, | וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה עָלָ֖ה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ מִן־הָהָ֣ר... | And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of the mountain... | Then Moses went up before God, and Yahweh called him from the mountain... |
| 5. NÍG.G[IG] DINDIR-šú i-ku-lu NÍG.GIG dXV-šú i-ku-lu | 5. ikkibam ilišu īkulu ikkibam iltišu īkulu | 5. who has eaten what is tab[oo] to his god (who has eaten what is taboo to his goddess) | 5. who has eaten that which is taboo to his god | [3] זָכֹ֛ור֩ אֶת־יֹ֥֨ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖֜ת לְקַדְּשֹֽׁ֗ו | [3] Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. | [3] Remember the Sabbath day and keep it sacred. |
| 6. a-na an-na ul-la iq-bu-u a-na ul-la an-na iq-bu-u 7. [ar-ki mi-iḫ-ri]-šú ŠU.SI it-ru-ṣu 8. [kar-ṣa i-ku-lu] nu-ul-la-tú i-ta-mu-u 14. [x x x x] ṣa-lip-ta ú-šad-bi-bu 15. [la na-ṭa-a-at]um da-a-a-nu ú-šá-ḫi-zu |
6. ana anna ulla iqbu ana ulla anna iqbu 7. [arki miḫri]šu ubāna itruṣu 8. [karṣa īkulu] nulliātu itamū 14. [x x x x] ṣalipta ušadbibu 15. [lā naṭāt]um dayyānu ušāḫizu |
6. who said "no" for "yes", who said "yes" for "no". 7. who pointed (his) finger (accusingly) [behind the back of] his [fellow-man], 8. [who calumniated], spoke what is not allow to speak, 14. [who, as witness,] caused wicked things to be spoken, 15. who caused the judge to (pronounce) [incorrec]t (judgement) |
6. who said "no" instead of "yes." Who said "yes" instead of "no." 7. Who secretly spied on his neighbor; 8. who slandered and said what he shouldn't have; 14. who, as a witness, said bad things; 15. who was the cause of wrong verdicts by the judge; |
[8] זלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר | [8] Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. | [8] You will not give false testimony against your neighbor. |
| 11. [šá DINGIR-šú i-da-ṣu] dXV-šú i-me-šú 32. ul i-di šèr-ti DINGIR 34. a-na DINGIR-šú ar-nu-šú |
11. [ša ilišu idāṣu] iltišu imēšu 32. ul īdi šērti ili 34. ana ilišu arnūšu |
11. [who scorned his god], despised his goddess → 32. He does not know what is a crime against god → 34. his sins are against his god |
11. who disgraced his god, despised his goddess; → 32. he doesn't know what a crime against god is; → 34. his sins are against his god |
[1] לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ׃ לֹֽ֣א תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֙סֶל֙׀ לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחְוֶ֥֣ה לָהֶ֖ם֘ וְלֹ֣א תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א... |
[1] Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God... | [1] You will have no other gods but me. You will not have a sculpted image. You will not kneel before them or serve them. Because I, Yahweh, am a jealous God... |
| 18. [x x x x] e-niš-tum da-a-ṣu 19. [x x x x] pa-ni URU-šá ú-saḫ-ḫi-ru 20. [KI] ⸢AD⸣ DUMU ip-ru-su 21. [KI] DUMU AD ip-ru-su 35. [a-na] be-en-ni da-ṣa-a-tum 36. AD AMA im-te-eš a-na NIN.GAL-ti ug-dal-lil |
18. [x x x x] eništum dāṣu 19. [x x x x] pāni ālišu usaḫḫiru 20. [itti] ⸢abi⸣ māra iprusu 21. [itti] māri aba iprusu 35. [ana] benni dāṣātum 36. aba umma imtēš ana aḫāti rabūti ugdallil |
18. [who ........], has oppressed the weak woman 19. who turned [a ... woman] away from her city 20. who estranged son [from] [father] 21. who estranged father [from] son → 35. He is full of contempt [against] his father → 36. He despised his parents, offended the elder sister |
18. who oppressed the weak woman; 19. who drove a woman from her city; 20. who estranged the son from his father, 21. the father from the son; → 35. he is full of contempt for his father; → 36. he has despised his parents, offended his elder sister. |
[4] כַּבֵּ֥ד אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֑ךָ | [4] Honour thy father and thy mother. | [4] Honor your father and mother. |
| 29. ṣab-ta la ú-maš-ši-ru ka-sa-a la ú-ram-mu-u 30. a-na ṣa-ab-ti la á-kal-li-mu nu-á-ru |
29. ṣabta lā umašširi kasā lā urammu 30. ana ṣabti lā ukallimu nūru |
29. who did not free a captive, did not release a man in bond 30. who did not let the prisoner see the light (of day) |
29. that didn't free the prisoner, 30. didn't let the prisoner see the light of day; |
⸺ | ⸺ | ⸺ |
| 37. i-na ṣe-ḫer-ti it-ta-din i-na ra-bi-ti im-da-ḫar 42. GIŠ zi-ba-nit la ket-ti iṣ-[ṣa-bat 43. ka-sap la ket-ti il-te-qí ka-[sap ket-ti ul il]-qí 45. ku-dúr-ru la ket-ti uk-ta-dir |
37. ina ṣeḫerti ittadin ina rabīti imdaḫar 42. zibānīt lā ketti iṣ[ṣabat 43. kasap lā ketti ilteqi ka[sap ketti ul il]qi 45. kudurru lā ketti uktadir |
37. gave with small (measure) and received with big (measure) 42. he us[ed] an untrue balance 43. he took money that was not due to him 45. he set up an untrue boundary. |
37. that he gave with the small measuring cup and received with the big one; 42. who used the adjusted scale; 43. who took silver that did not belong to him; 45. who set a false boundary. |
[7] לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ | [7] Thou shalt not steal. | [7] Do not steal. |
| 47. an-a É tap-pe-e-šú it-te-ru-ub | 47. ana bīt tappēšu īt-te-ru-ub | 47. He entered his neighbor's house; | 47. who broke into his neighbor's house; | [9] לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ | [9] Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house. | [9] Do not desire your neighbor's house. |
| 48. a-na DAM tap-pe-e-šú iṭ-ṭe4-ḫi | 48. ana aššati tappēšu iṭṭeḫi | 48. had intercourse with his neighbor's wife; | 48. who pursued his neighbor's wife; | [10] לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ | [10] Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife. | [10] Do not lust after your neighbor's wife. |
| 49. ÚŠ.MEŠ tap-pe-e-šú it-ta-bak | 49. dāmī tappēšu ittabak | 49. shed his neighbor's blood; | 49. who spilled his neighbor's blood; | [5] לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽ֖ח׃ | [5] Thou shalt not kill. | [5] Do not kill. |
| 52. eṭ-lu dam-qa ina kim-ti-šú úšē-lu-ú 53. qin-na pu-ḫur-ta ú-sap-pi-ḫu 100. ina GIŠ.NÁ ta-mi-i it-ta-til 103. ina DUG.GÚ.ZI ta-mi-i il-ta-t[i] |
52. eṭlu damqa ina kimtišu ušelū 53. qinna puḫurta usappiḫu 100. ina eršī tamī ittatil 103. ina kās tamī iltat[i] |
52. He ousted a well-to-do young man from his family 53. scattered a gathered clan → 100. he slept in the bed of an accursed person → 103. he dran[k] from the cup of an accursed person |
52 who alienated a young man from his family; 53. who dispersed a close-knit family group; → 100. slept in a cursed person's bed; → 103. drank from a cursed person's glass. |
[6] לֹ֣֖א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף ׃ תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ | [6] Thou shalt not commit adultery. | [6] Do not commit adultery. |
| 75. ina sur-qí MU DINGIR-šú i-me-šu 76. ú-qad-di-šu ú-na-az-zi-mu ik-lu-u |
75. ina surqi šum ilišu imēšu 76. uqaddišu unazzimu iklū |
75. omitted the name of his god in his incense-offering; 76. made the purifications, (then) complained and withheld (it). |
75. who omitted the name of his god in his incense offerings; 76. who did the purifying rituals, but then complained and retracted his god's name. |
[2] לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמֹ֖ו לַשָּֽׁוְא׃ | [2] Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain | [2] You shall not speak the name of Yahweh, your god, in vain so as to abuse it. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 2: Hymn to Enlil, the wind-god
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Sources: Autograph: Falkenstein 1959 Sumerische = Falkenstein, Adam 1959, Sumerische Götterlieder, Abhandlungen der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl., Jahrgang 1959, 1. Abh., Carl Winter Universitäts Verlag, Heidelberg 1959, Pls. 1-3. Sumerian text (column 1): Falkenstein 1959 Sumerische = Falkenstein, Adam 1959, Sumerische Götterlieder, Abhandlungen der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl., Jahrgang 1959, 1. Abh., Carl Winter Universitäts Verlag, Heidelberg 1959, pp. 5-79. Sumerian text and English translation: (column 2) Jacobsen 1987 Harps = Jacobsen, Thorkild 1987, The Harps that Once ... Sumerian Poetry in Translation, New Haven; London: Yale University Press, pp. 151-166 (translation on pp. 101-111). Online version: ETCSL (Enlil in the E-kur [Enlil A]: composite text) 14-25. |
YBC 9845 + YBC 4653 |
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(syllabic transcription) |
Jacobsen |
gB |
| 14 uru igi-bi ní-me-lám-ḫuš-a | 14 The front of the city was dread nimbus and halo, | 14 The city – its solemn face inspires a sacred terror, |
| 15 bar-bé dingir-ururu-na sag nu-gá-gá-dam | 15 its sides the soaring, impenetrable heavens, | 15 his back can repel even a powerful god approaching him from the outside, |
| 16 šà-bi inim-gír-KIN inim-garáš-a-ka | 16 its interior the cutting edge of a pointed dagger. | 16 while the inside is the sharp blade of a terrible dagger, |
| 17 gišés-ad ki-bal-a ub4 sa aka-a | 17 It was a trap to rebel regions, a pitfall, a net wielded. | 17 a trap, a pit, a net that keeps its hinterland under control. |
| 18 gal-bi du11-ga-bé u4 la-ba-ni-ib-sù-ud-dè | 18 Not long was its blusterer living in it, | 18 It does not allow the boaster to enjoy his good life for long. |
| 19 di-da inim-erím-gál nu-mu-ni-ib-bé | 19 nor speaking aggressive words to start lawsuits. | 19 does not allow voices of rejection against divine judgement. |
| 25 uru nì-gig-ga nu-mu-ni-ib-dib-bé | 25 - Abominations to the city - | 25 The city does not tolerate |
| 20 šà-a-bar-a inim-si-nu-sá | 20 None who dissembled, | 20 hypocrisy or badness, |
| 21 inim-kár ní-kár ù nu-gar-ra | 21 spoke not straight, | 21 abuses, malice or impropriety, |
| 22 LÚ.TÚG.DI nì-erím i-dutu | 22 denied what he had said, was hostile, framed (people), | 22 insolences, hostility or oppression, |
| 23 igi-bal nì-á-gar inim-inim-sig-du11-du11 | 23 ensnared, was wicked, committed outrages; | 23 envy, violence or vile slander, arrogance or disloyalty, |
| 24 KAL-na inim-búr-ra IM-×-DI.TÚG-di | 24 (none) who looked (furtively) away, tricked, denounced. | 24 selfishness or disregard for what is right. |
| 26 nibruki á-bi sa-pàr-gal-la-àm | 26 Nippur's borders formed a great net, | 26 The boundaries of Nippur are like a great net, |
| 27 šà-ba u11-rí-inmušen-e du10 mu-un-bad-bad-du | 27 inside it an eagle was spreading knees (to strike). | 27 inside which the eagle falls with its claws |
| 28 lú-erím lú-ḫul-gál šu-bi la-ba-ra-è | 28 Aggressors and evildoers escaped not its claws. | 28 so that evil and malevolent people do not escape his grasp. |
| 29 uru nì-gi-na sag-e-eš rig7-ga | 29 Justice was granted the city as a gift, | 29 Thus the city remains stable, |
| 30 nì-zi nì-si-sá gil-sa-šè aka-a | 30 observance of truthfulness and righteousness, as ornament. | 30 virtue and justice reign forever, |
| 31 túg-tán-tán-na kar-ra gál-la | 31 (holiday)-clean clothes were upon the quay. | 31 clothed with light in its channel. |
| 32 šeš-gal šeš-bàn-da dugud-de-dam nam-lú-ulù aka-dam | 32 So that a younger brother honor the older brother, and he would act considerately, | 32 In the city, the younger brother honors the older brother, and treats him with great respect, |
| 33 inim-ab-ba-šè gizzal-aka-dè IM šu-a gi4-gi4-dam | 33 that a father's word be heeded, and he make return for the reverence, | 33 attention is paid to the words of the fathers to whom one relies on for protection, |
| 34 dumu ama-ni-ir du9-na ní-te-gá-dam nam-ab-ba sù-ù-dam | 34 that a child humbly mind its mother, and she prolong (her) parental protection, | 34 The children behave humbly and modestly toward their mother, and thus they reach a mature age. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 3: Hymn to Shamash, the sun-god
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Sources: Autograph: Lambert 1960 Wisdom = Lambert, Wilfred George 1960, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford: Clarendon, various Plates (see infra); King 1914 Catalogue = King, Leonard William 1914, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum: Supplement, London: British Museum. Akkadian text (columns 1-2): Lambert 1960 Wisdom = Lambert, Wilfred George 1960, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 122-138. English translation (column 3): Reiner 1985 Thwarts = Reiner, Erica 1985, Your Thwarts in Pieces, Your Mooring Rope Cut: Poetry from Babylonia and Assyria, Michigan Studies in the Humanities 5, Ann Arbor: Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies at the University of Michigan, pp. 68-84. |
(Ashurbanipal) A = K. 3182 [CDLI: P394856] + K. 3187 + K. 3312 + K. 5121 + K. 5459 [CDLI: P396044] + K. 6823 + K. 8232 + K. 9356 + K. 9699 + K. 10587 + K. 13430 + K. 13794 + Sm 311 + Sm 1398: see King 1914 Catalogue = King 1914, Pls. 33-34; (Ashurbanipal) B = K. 3650 [CDLI: P395148] and K. 3474 + K. 8233 + Sm 372: see King 1914 Catalogue = King 1914, Pls. 35-36; (Ashurbanipal) C = Sm 1033 and 83-1-18, 472: see King 1914 Catalogue = King 1914, Pls. 33-35; (Ashurbanipal) D = BM 98631 (Th 1905-4-9, 137): see King 1914 Catalogue = King 1914, Pl. 34; (Ashurbanipal) E = K. 10866 [CDLI: P398937]: see King 1914 Catalogue = King 1914, Pl. 33; (Ashurbanipal) F = BM 98732 (Th 1905-4-9, 238): see King 1914 Catalogue = King 1914, Pl. 33; (Assur) g = VAT 10174 obv. 12-17: see (Pl. 36); (Assur) h = VAT 10071 rev. 1-2 and VAT 10756 rev. 3-4: see (Pl. 73); (Sippar) i = Si 15: see (Pls. 33, 36). |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner |
gB |
| 57 [ul ib-ši šá] ur-ra-du ina apsî ba-li-ka | 57 [ul ibši ša] urradu ina apsī balika | 57 [There is none] but you who goes down to the deep, | 57 Who outside of you goes down into the abyss? (So that when you rise) |
| 58 [..... ṣ]e-e-ni u za-ma-né-e tu-šá-pi di-in-šu-u[n] | 58 [..... ṣ]ēni u zāmānē tušapi dinšu[n] | 58 [.....] you blaze abroad the judgements on the criminal and law-breaker. | 58 you bring out (in greater light) the verdict that strikes the wicked full of hostility. |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 95 šá ka-ṣir an-zil-li qar-na-šú tu-bal-la | 95 ša kaṣir anzilli qarnašu tuballa | 95 You destroy the horns of a scheming villain, | 95 You reduce to nothing the arrogant forehead of those who commit abominations, |
| 96 e-piš rid-di ka-pi-du e-ni qaq-qar-šu | 96 epiš riddi kāpidu ēni qaqqaršu | 96 A zealous ...., his foundations are undermined. | 96 While the foundations of the corrupt who think they are cunning are subverted. |
| 97 da-a-a-⸢na⸣ ṣal-pa mi-si-ra tu-kal-lam | 97 dayyā⸢na⸣ ṣalpa misira tukallam | 97 You give the unscrupulous judge experience of fetters, | 97 Let the judge who deviates (from the law) know the prison, |
| 98 ma-ḫir ṭa-ߴ-ti la muš-te-še-ru tu-šá-az-bal ar-na | 98 maḫir ṭaߴti la muštēšeru tušazbal arna | 98 Him who accepts a present and yet lets justice miscarry you make bear his punishment. | 98 impose a punishment on those who pervert justice to pocket a bribe – |
| 99 la ma-ḫir ṭa-ߴ-ti ṣa-bi-tú a-bu-ti en-še | 99 la maḫir ṭaߴti ṣabitu abuti enše | 99 As for him who declines a present, but nevertheless takes the part of the weak, | 99 because it is he who does not accept them and helps the weak |
| 100 ṭa-a-bi eli dšamaš balāṭa(ti.la) ut-tar | 100 ṭābi ēli šamaš balāṭa uttar | 100 It is pleasing to Šamaš, and he will prolong his life. | 100 that Shamash likes and enriches his life; |
| 101 da-a-a-na muš-ta-lum šá di-in me-šá-ri i-di-nu | 101 dayyāna muštalum ša dīn mešari idīnu | 101 A circumspect judge who pronounces just verdicts | 101 is the conscientious judge who delivers judgements that bring justice |
| 102 ú-gam-mar ēkallu šu-bat rubemêš mu-šab-šú | 102 ugammar ēkallu šubat rubē mušābšu | 102 Controls the palace and lives among the princes. | 102 who is truly influential and lives in harmony with those in power. |
| 103 na-din kaspa a-na šid-di ḫab-bi-lu mi-na-a ut-tar | 103 nadin kaspa ana šiddi ḫabbilu minā uttar | 103 What is he benefited who invests money in unscrupulous trading missions? | 103 What happens to the loan shark who invests his resources at the (highest) interest rate? |
| 104 uš-ta-kaz-zab a-na né-me-li-ma ú-ḫal-laq kīsa(kuš.níg.zá) | 104 uštakazzab ana nēmeli-ma uḫallaq kīsa | 104 He is disappointed in the matter of profit and loses his capital. | 104 He will lose his purse just as he tries to get the most out of it. |
| 105 na-din kas-pa a-na šid-di rūqūti(sud.meš) mu-ter išten šiqla a-na še-×-× | 105 nadin kaspa ana šiddi rūqūti muter išten šiqla ana še-×-× | 105 As for him who invests money in distant trading missions and pays one shekel per ..., | 105 But he who invests in the long term will convert one measure of silver into three, |
| 106 ṭa-a-bi eli dšamaš balāṭa(ti.la) ut-[tar] | 106 ṭābi eli šamaš balāṭa ut[tar] | 106 It is pleasing to Šamaš, and he will prolong his life. | 106 He pleases Shamash and will enrich his life. |
| 107 ṣa-bit gišzi-ba-[ni-ti e-piš ṣ]i-lip-ti | 107 ṣabit zibā[nīti epiš ṣ]ilipti | 107 The merchant who [practises] trickery as he holds the balances, | 107 (The merchant) who rigs the scales in his hand, |
| 108 muš-te-nu-ú [a-b]a-an ki-i-si ⸢ú⸣-× × (×) [u]-šap-pa[ | 108 muštēnū [ab]an kīsi ⸢u⸣-× × (×) [u]šappa[ | 108 Who uses two sets of weights, thus lowering the ....., | 108 who alters the weights he holds in his bag and lowering (the value), |
| 109 uš-ta-kaz-za-ab a-na né-me-li-im-ma ú-ḫal-l[aq ki-i-sa] | 109 uštakazzab ana nēmeli-ma uḫall[aq kīsa] | 109 He is disappointed in the matter of profit and loses [his capital.] | 109 will lose his bag just as he tries to get the most out of it. |
| 110 šá ki-ni ṣa-bit gišzi-ba-ni-ti ma-ߴ-d[a ...] | 110 ša kīni ṣabit zibānīti maߴd[a ...] | 110 The honest merchant who holds the balances [and gives] good weight -- | 110 while (the merchant) honestly using correct weights in the balance |
| 111 mim-ma šum-šú ma-ߴ-d[i] qí-šá-áš-šu [...] | 111 mimma šumšu maߴd[i] qīšāššu [...] | 111 Everything is presented to him in good measure [...] | 111 everything he undertakes will be of great profit to him. |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 118 um-ma-ni ki-nu na-din še-em i-na [kab-ri]m pān(pi) ú-šat-tar dum-qu | 118 ummāni kīnu nadin šem ina [kabri]m pān ušattar dumqu | 118 The honest merchant who weighs out loans (of corn) by the maximum standard, thus multiplying kindness, | 118 The honest merchant who lends grain largely increases his gain |
| 119 ṭa-a-ab eli dŠamaš balāṭa(t[i]-la) ut-tar | 119 ṭāb ēli Šamaš balāṭa uttar | 119 It is pleasing to Šamaš, and he will prolong his life. | 119 pleases Shamash and will enrich his life, |
| 120 ú-rap-pa-áš kim-ta meš-ra-⸢a⸣ i-ra-áš-š[i] | 120 urappaš kimta mešr⸢ā⸣ irašš[i] | 120 He will enlarge his family, gain wealth, | 120 he will enlarge his family, he will have (a big) profit, |
| 121 ki-ma mémeš naq-bi da-ri-i zēr-[šú] da-[ri] | 121 kīma mē naqbi dārī zēr[šu] dā[ri] | 121 And like the water of a never failing spring [his] descendants will never fail. | 121 His lineage shall last like the water of a perennial spring. |
| 122 a-na e-piš ú-sa-at dum-qí la mu-du-ú [ṣi]-líp[-ti] | 122 ana epiš usāt dumqi la mūdū [ṣi]lip[ti] | 122 For him who does kind deeds and knows no trickery-- | 122 In front of you is the case of one who continually alters his intentions |
| 123 muš-ten-nu-ú šap-la-a-ti ina mas-da-ri šá-k[in ina maḫ-ri-ka] | 123 muštennū šaplāti ina masdāri šak[in ina maḫrika] | 123 The man who constantly disguises his intentions with hypocrisy -- his case [is before you.] | 123 in contrast to those who do good deeds and don't even know what hypocrisy is. |
| 124 šu-ut lum-nu i-pu-šú zēr-šú-nu u[l da-ri] | 124 šūt lumnu ippušu zēršunu u[l dāri] | 124 The progeny of evil-doers will [fail.] | 124 The offspring of those who do evil will not endure |
| 125 [š]u-ut ul-la pi-i-šú-nu šá-kin ina maḫ-ri-ka | 125 [š]ūt ulla pīšunu šakin ina maḫrika | 125 Those whose mouth says “No” -- their case is before you. | 125 in front of you is the case of a liar. |
| 126 [tu-]šaḫ-mat ṣi-it pi-i-šú-nu ta-pa-áš-šar at-ta | 126 [tu]šaḫmat ṣīt pīšunu tapaššar atta | 126 In a moment you discern what they say; | 126 You discern in an instant what comes out of their mouth. |
| 127 [t]a-šim-me te-bir-ši-na-ti ša rug-gu-gu tu-mas-si di-in-šú | 127 [t]ašimme tebiršināti ša ruggugu tumassi dīnšu | 127 You hear and examine them; you determine the lawsuit of the wronged. | 127 listen to them, examine them, and then decide the case of those who have been wronged. |
| 128 ma-na-ma ma-am-ma pu-uq-qu-du qa-tuk-ka | 128 manāma mamma puqqudu qātukka | 128 Every single person is entrusted to your hands; | 128 Each individual relies on your hand |
| 129 tuš-te-eš-šer te-re-te-ši-na šá šuk-ṣu-ru ta-paṭ-ṭar | 129 tušteššer tērētešina ša šukṣuru tapaṭṭar | 129 You manage their omens; that which is perplexing you make plain. | 129 and you administer the omens and resolve the doubts. |
| 130 ta-šim-me dŠamaš su-up-pa-a su-la-a ù ka-ra-bi | 130 tašimme Šamaš suppā sulā u karābi | 130 You observe, Šamaš, prayer, supplication, and benediction, | 130 O Shamash, hear the prayers and supplications of him who blesses thee, |
| 131 šu-kin-na kit-mu-su lit-ḫu-šu ù la-ban ap-pi | 131 šukinna kitmusu litḫušu u labān appi | 131 Obeisance, kneeling, ritual murmurs, and prostration | 131 obedience and prostrations, humble gesture and the low tone of prayer, |
| 132 a-na ḫur-ri pi-i-šú dun-na-mu-ú i-šá-as-si-ka | 132 ana ḫurri pīšu dunnamū išassika | 132 The feeble man calls you from the hollow of his mouth, | 132 the infirm invokes you with open mouth, |
| 133 ú-la-lu en-šú ḫu-ub-bu-lu muš-ke-nu | 133 ulālu enšu ḫubbulu muškēnu | 133 The humble, the weak, the afflicted, the poor, | 133 the humble, the weak, the afflicted, the poor, the mother of the prisoner |
| 134 um-mi šal-la mas-da-ra gi-na-a i-maḫ-ḫar-ka | 134 ummi šalla masdāra ginā imaḫḫarka | 134 She whose son is captive constantly and unceasingly confronts you. | 134 come incessantly to your presence. |
| 135 šá ru-qat kim-ta-šú né-su-ú āluú-šú | 135 ša rūqat kimtašu nesū ālušu | 135 He whose family is remote, whose city is distant, | 135 He who is far from his family, far from his city, |
| 136 [ina] šu-ru-bat ṣēri re-ߴ-ú i-maḫ-ḫar-ka | 136 [ina] šurubat ṣēri rēߴū imaḫḫarka | 136 The shepherd [amid] the terror of the steppe confronts you, | 136 the shepherd in the wastelands of the steppe stands in your presence, |
| 137 [k]a-par-ri ina te-še-e na-qí-du ina lúnakri(kúr) | 137 [k]aparri ina tēšē naqidu ina nakrī | 137 The herdsman in warfare, the keeper of sheep among enemies. | 137 the goatherd in trouble, the shepherd isolated among enemies. |
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Appendix 4: Prayer to the “gods of the night”
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Sources: Autograph: Dossin 1935 Prieres = Dossin, Georges 1935, “Prières aux 'dieux de la nuit' (AO 6769)”, Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 32, pp. 182-183. Akkadian text (columns 1-2, only notes): Shileiko 1924 Night = Shileiko, V.K. 1924, “Izvestija Rossijskoj Akademii istorii material'noj kul'tury” 3 (Leningrad), p. 147. Akkadian text and French translation (columns 1-2, 3): Dossin 1935 Prieres = Dossin, Georges 1935, “Prières aux 'dieux de la nuit' (AO 6769)”, Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 32, pp. 179-187. |
(AO 6769) |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Dossin |
gB |
| 1 bu-ul-lu-lu e-bu-ú si-ik-ka-t[um] | 1 bullulu ebū sikkat[um] | 1 Ils reposent les grands; chevilles | 1 The great (gods) are asleep, |
| 2 še-re-tum ta-ab-ka-[a(?)] | 2 šeretum tabk[ā(?)] | 2 (et) fermetures(?) sont tombées. | 2 latches and bars are in the lowered position. |
| 3 [ḫa-ab-ra-tum ni-šu-ú ša-qú-un-ma-a] | 3 [ḫabratum nišū šaqunmā] | 3 [Foules et gens sont au repos;] | 3 Noisy crowds are quiet, |
| 4 pi-tu-tum ud-du-lu ba-a-[bu] | 4 pītutum uddulu bā[bu] | 4 les portes ouvertes sont (maintenant) fermées. | 4 the open doors – closed. |
| 5 i-lu ma-tim iš-ta-ra-a-at ma-tim | 5 ilū mātim ištarāt mātim | 5 Les dieux du pays, les déesses du pays, | 5 The gods and goddesses of the district – |
| 6 ilAdad ù É-a ilŠamaš ù ilatIštar | 6 Adad u Ea Šamaš u Ištar | 6 Adad et Ea, Šamaš et Ištar, | 6 Adad and Ea, Shamash and Ishtar – |
| 7 i-te-ir-bu a-na ú-tu-ul ša-me-e | 7 iterbū ana utul šamē | 7 sont entrés dans l'enclos des cieux. | 7 have retreated into the lap of heaven, |
| 8 ú-ul i-di-in-nu di-nam | 8 ul idinnū dīnam | 8 Ils ne rendent plus de jugement, | 8 they do not pass judgement, |
| 9 ú-ul i-pa-ar-ra-sú a-wa-a-tim | 9 ul iparrasū awātim | 9 ils ne tranchent plus d'affaires. | 9 they do not decide anything. |
| 10 pu-uṣ-ṣú-ma-at mu-ši-tum | 10 puṣṣumat mušītum | 10 C'est une fiancée, la Nuit; | 10 Veiled is the night. |
| 11 êkallum ša-ḫu-ru-ù-ša ku8-um-mu at-rù | 11 ēkallum šaḫurūša kummū atru | 11 le temple (et) son Saint des Saints sont des demeures sublimes. | 11 The palace and temple are in the greatest stillness, |
| 12 a-li-ik ur-ḫi-im ilNergal ú-sí-e[l]-[l]i | 12 ālik urḫim Nergal usie[ll]i | 12 Le voyageur implore Nergal, | 12 he who is still in the street invokes his god, |
| 13 ù ša di-ni-im uš-te-bi-ir-ri ši-it-ta | 13 u ša dīnim uštebirri šitta | 13 et le tribunal se rassasie de sommeil. | 13 he who awaits a verdict can only remain in sleep. |
| 14 da-a-a-an ki-it-tim a-bi ki-it-tim | 14 dān kittim abi kittim | 14 Le juge de la vérité, le père de la vérité, | 14 The father of truth, the father also of the fatherless, |
| 15 ilŠamaš i-te-ru-ub a-na ku-um-mi-šu | 15 Šamaš iterub ana kummīšu | 15 Šamaš, est entré dans sa demeure. | 15 the sun-god, has gone away to his sacred cell. |
| 16 nam-ru ilGibil qú-ra-du Ir-ra | 16 namru Gibil qurādu Irra | 16 Brillant Gibil, vaillant Irra, | 16 O fire-god who shines (in darkness), |
| 17 qá-aš-tum e-la-ma-tum | 17 qaštum elamatum | 17 Arc élamite, | 17 O war-god, the hero (of the underworld), |
| 18 z[a]-ap-pu, ši-ta-da-ru mušḫššum | 18 z[a]ppu, šitadaru mušḫššum | 18 Pléiades, Orion, Dragon, | 18 O star of the bow of Elam, ... |
| 19 eriqqum enzum ù ilku-sa-ri-ku | 19 eriqqum enzum u kusariku | 19 Chariot, Chèvre et Bison(?), | 19 ... |
| 20 i-lu mu-ši-tim ra-bi-tim | 20 ilū mušītim rabītim | 20 dieux de la grande Nuit, | 20 you, gods of the great night, |
| 21 i-zi-iz-za-nim-ma | 21 izizzanim-ma | 21 apparaissez, | 21 Be present here with me, and thus, |
| 22 i-na te-e-ir-ti e-ip-pu-šu | 22 ina tērti ippušu | 22 et dans la cérémonie que j'accomplis, | 22 in the divination that I am about to make, |
| 23 ik-ri-bi a-ka-ar-ra-bu | 23 ikribi akarrabu | 23 dans la prière que je prie | 23 In the ritual that I am about to perform, |
| 24 ki-it-tam šu-uk-na | 24 kittam šukna | 24 placez la vérité. | 24 place the truth! |
| 25 24 ik-ri-ib mu-ši-ti[m] | 25 24 ikrib mušīti[m] | 25 24 lignes, «Prière à la Nuit». | 25 (Colophon:) 24 lines, prayer of the night. |
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Appendix 5: Omens based on anomalies in the world of animated beings
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Sources: Autograph: Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 1861-1884, The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. 5, London: R.E. Bowler. Akkadian text (columns 1/2, 2/3): Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty, Erle 1970, The Omen Series Šumma Izbu, Texts from Cuneiform Sources 4, Locust Valley, New York: J.J. Augustin. Further bibliographical references: Leichty 1986 Catalogue = Leichty, Erle 1986, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum: Volume VI: Tablets from Sippar, I, London: British Museum; Leichty 1987 Catalogue = Leichty, Erle and Grayson, A.K. 1987, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum: Volume VII: Tablets from Sippar, II, London: British Museum. |
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Appendix 5.1: Report of an actual event
e = BM 54038 Leichty 1986 Catalogue = Leichty 1986, p. 125; Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, p. 11; Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson 1861-1884, Vol. 1, Pl. 5, no. XX. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
|
| Quote from the reference manual | 1-2 BE iz-bu 8 GÌR.MEŠ-šú / 2 KUN.MEŠ-šú | 1-2 šumma izbu 8 šēpūšu / 2 zibbāūšu | 1-2 If an anomaly's feet are 8 / (and) its tails 2 -- | 1-2 "If the anomaly consists of having eight feet / and two tails, |
| 3-4 NUN šar-ru-ti / kiš-šú-ti i-ṣa-bat (= XV?) | 3-4 rub šarrūti / kiššūti iṣabat (= XV?) | 3-4 a prince will / seize universal kingship | 3-4 a prince will / take possession of the universal kingdom. | |
| The fact | 5 LÚ ma-ḫi-ṣu šú-ú | 5 awīlu(m) māḫiṣu šū | 5 He is a weaver. | 5 The person in question is a weaver |
| 6 mUD-da-nu šum-šú | 6 UD-danu šumšu | 6 UD-danu is his name. | 6 whose name is Shamash-dayyanu. | |
| 7-8 i-qá-ba-a um-ma SAL.ŠAḪ-a (edge: ki-i tu-li-du) | 7-8 iqabā umma SAL.ŠAḪ-a (edge: kī tulidu) | 7-8 He says: “When my sow (edge. gave birth), | 7-8 He says verbatim, "When my sow gave birth, | |
| 9 8 GÌR.MEŠ u 2 KUN.MEŠ-šú | 9 8 šēpū u 2 zibbāšu | 9 its (the piglet's) feet were 8 (and) its tails 2. | 9 (the piglet) had 8 feet and two tails. | |
| 10 um-ma i-na MUN an-di-di-il-šú | 10 umma ina marri andidilšu | 10 I pickled it in salt, | 10 So I salted it | |
| 11 ù i-na É al-ta-kan | 11 u ina bīti altakan | 11 and placed (it) in the house." | 11 and stored it in the house." | |
| Responsible party | 12 šá mdU + GUR-KAR-ir | 12 ša Nergal-ēṭir | 12 (report) of Nergal-ēṭir | 12 Nergaletir’s report. |
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Appendix 5.2: Omens concerning human beings
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, pp. 36-39; A = K. 8794. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 50 BE SAL IM i-ri-ma IM Ù.TU ḪUL GÁL-ma AMA UGU DUMU.SAL-šá KÁ-šá TAB ŠEŠ-ti NU GÁL KUR.BI ZÁḪ EBUR KUR NU SI.SÁ | 50 šumma sinništum šāri iri-ma šāri ulid lemnum ibaššūm-ma ummu eli mārtiša bābša iddil aḫḫūti ul ibaššūm mātum ullītum iduppur ebūr māti ul iššēr | 50 If a woman becomes pregnant with wind, and gives birth to wind -- there will be bad times and the mother will bar her door against her daughter; there will be no (sense of) brotherhood; that land will disappear; the harvest of the land will nor prosper. | 50 If a woman becomes pregnant with wind and gives birth to the wind: bad times! a mother will close the door in her daughter's face, there will be no (spirit of) brotherhood, your country will disappear, the harvest of the fields will suffer. |
| 54 BE SAL LÚ.BA.AN.ZA Ù.TU ud-da-a-tu É LÚ BIR | 54 šumma sinništum kurām ulid uddātū māt awīli ustappaḫ | 54 If a woman gives birth to a male dwarf -- troubles; the house of the man will be scattered. | 54 If a woman gives birth to a dwarf boy, trouble! That man's family will be scattered. |
| 55 BE SAL SAL.BA.AN.ZA Ù.TU GABA.RI | 55 šumma sinništum kurām sinništam ulid gabarū | 55 If a woman gives birth to a female dwarf -- correspondingly. | 55 54 If a woman gives birth to a dwarf girl: in a parallel manner. |
| 78 BE SAL ši-kin Ḫu-wa-wa Ù.TU LUGAL u DUMU.MEŠ-šú ina URU É.MEŠ | 78 šumma sinništum šikin Ḫuwawa ulid šarru u mārūšu ina āli iwaṣṣū | 78 If a woman gives birth to the image of Ḫumbaba -- the king and his sons will go out from the city (in exile). | 78 78 If a woman give birth to the image of Humbaba the king and his children shall go out of the city (in exile). |
| 82 BE SAL Ù.TU-ma ½ KÙŠ la-an-šú SU6 za-kin i-da-ab-bu-ub GIN.GIN u ZÚ.MEŠ-šú È.MEŠ Ti-ig-ri-AN MU-šú BAL dU + GUR ZI dan-nu ka-šú-šú ina KUR GAR-ma DINGIR KÚ SIL SIL KÚR-ir É É KAR-ߴ | 82 šumma sinništum ulid-ma ½ ammatum lānšu ziqnu zakin idabbub illāk u šinnūšu iwaṣṣū Tigrilu šumšu pal Nergal ašuštu dannu kašušu ina māti išakkām-ma ilu ikkalu sūqu sūqi inakkir bītum bītam imaššaߴ | 82 If a woman gives birth, and (the child) is half a cubit tall, he is bearded, he can talk, he can walk, and he has teeth; he is called “tigrilu” -- reign of Nergal; a fierce attack; there will be a mighty person in the land; pestilence; one street will be hostile to the other; one house will plunder the other. | 82 If a woman gives birth and it happens that the baby is only about 25 centimeters, with a beard and teeth, able to talk and walk the baby is a "tigrilu" – kingdom of Nergal! There will be a powerful assault; there will be a bully in power; there will be pestilence; (in the city) one street will wage war on the other; one house will attack another. |
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, pp. 47, 52. A = K. 2945; CT 27, Pl. 9, Pl. 10; Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson 1861-1884, Vol. 3, Pl. 65, no. I. f = BM 68608; Leichty 1987 Catalogue = Leichty-Grayson 1987, p. 238. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 19 BE SAL Ù.TU-ma ina UGU SAG.DU-šú UZU GIM ku-ub-šú GAR-ma SUḪUŠ-su ḫa-niq u im-ta-na-qut IGI-šú šá 15 ub-bu-ṭa-at ŠU-šú u GÌR-šú šá 15 a-ka-at u ZÚ.MEŠ-šú È.MEŠ KUR URI.KI KÚR UŠ-ši-ma eš-re-ti-šá ú-šal-pat GIŠ.TUKUL LUGAL i-ra-bi-ṣu | 19 šumma sinništum ulid-ma ina eli qaqqadušu šīru kīma kubšu išakkām-ma išdušu ḫaniq u imtanaqut īnušu ša imitti ubbuṭat qātšu u šēpšú ša imitti akat u šinnūšu iwaṣṣū māt Akkad nakrum ikabbuši-ma ešretiša ušalpat kakkū šarri irabiṣu | 19 If a woman gives birth, and (the child) has (a knob of) flesh like a turban on top of his head, and the base (of the flesh) is constricted and falls in folds, its right eye is contorted, its right hand and foot are crippled, and it has teeth -- an enemy will confiscate the land of Akkad and desecrate its shrines; the weapons of the king will be idle. | 19 If a woman gives birth and the baby happens to have a (protuberance of) flesh similar to a turban on top of the head, but restricted at the base so that it forms wrinkles, with the right eye twisted, with his right hand and his right foot crippled, and with teeth (in mouth) the enemy will take over the country of Akkad, will desecrate his sanctuaries, the king's weapons will be gone. |
| 67' BE SAL Ù.TU-ma dLAMMA u bu-nu NAM.LÚ.Ux.LU GAR LUGAL u IM.RI.A-šú ZÁḪ | 67' šumma sinništum ulid-ma lamassum u būnu zakkāru išakkān šarru u kimtušú iḫalliqū | 67' If a woman gives birth, and (the child) is a female demon with a male face -- the king and his family will disappear. | 67' If a woman gives birth and the baby happens to be a female demon with the face of a male, the king and his dynasty will disappear. |
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, pp. 59, 62. E = K. 2007; CDLI: P365868; CT 27, Pl. 17, Pl. 18. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 48 BE SAL Ù.TU-ma ŠU-su šá 15 NU GÁL KUR.BI kar-mu-tam GIN-ak | 48 šumma sinništum ulid-ma qātšu ša imitti ul ibaššūm mātu ullītu karmūtam illak/ikūn(?) | 48 If a woman gives birth, and (the child) has no right hand -- that land will become waste. | 48 48 If a woman gives birth and it happens that the child is without a right hand her country will be ruined. |
| 49 [BE SAL Ù].TU-ma ŠU-su šá 150 NU GÁL KUR KÚR GABA.RI | 49 [šumma sinništum ul]id-ma qātšu ša šumēli ul ibaššūm māt nakri gabarū | 49 If a woman gives birth, and (the child) has no left hand -- the land of the enemy: correspondingly. | 49 If a woman gives birth and it happens that the child is without a left hand the country of the enemy, in a parallel way. |
| 82 BE SAL Ù.TU-ma GÌR.MEŠ-šú NU GÁL.MEŠ tál-la-ka-at KUR TAR-as É.BI BIR-aḫ | 82 šumma sinništum ulidma šēpūšu ul ibaššūm tallakāt māti ipparras bītu ullītu isappaḫ | 82 If a woman gives birth, and (the child) has no feet -- the communications of the land will be cut; that house will be scattered. | 82 If a woman gives birth and the baby happens to be footless, the roads in the village will be cut off, his family will scatter. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 5.3: Omens concerning animals
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, p. 84. C = K. 5921; CDLI: P396262; Bezold 1889- 1899 Catalogue = Bezold 1889-1899, Vol. 2, p. 749. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 5 [BE iz-bu 2-ma ... ] i-šú-ú ina MU.l.KAM DUMU.MEŠ LUGAL ana GIŠ.GU.ZA AD-šú-nu S[Á.SÁ ŠEŠ ana] ŠEŠ KÚR-ir a-na LUGAL ti-bu-um DUMU LUGAL AD-šú ḪI.GAR x ina KUR [x] | 5 [šumma izbu šinama ... ] išū ina šatti ištēn mārū šarri ana kuššī abišunu ik[aššadū mārum ana] mārim inakkir ana šarri tībum rubū abišu ibarrat x ina māti [x] | 5 If the anomalies are double, and they have [...] -- the sons of the king will fight among themselves for one year over the throne of their father; one brother will be hostile to the other; an attack against the king; the crown prince will rebel against his father; [...] in the land. | 5 If an abnormal fetus consists of two animals (joined) in such a way that [...] the king's children will fight among themselves for a year for the father's throne; one brother will fight against the other; an attack against the king; the crown prince will turn against his father; [...] in the country. |
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, pp. 103-105. a = BM 54739; Leichty 1986 Catalogue = Leichty 1986, p. 155. C = K. 3947; CDLI: P365864; Bezold 1889- 1899 Catalogue = Bezold 1889-1899, Vol. 2, p. 579. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 31' BE iz-bu 2 SAG.DU.MEŠ-šú MAN ina GÚ-šú GAR-ma 6 GÌR.MEŠ-šú 4 TI.MEŠ-šú NU ŠE.ŠE.GA KUR KUR KI IM-šá i-tak-kal-<<lu>> NUN KUR-su BAL-su | 31' šumma izbu 2 qaqqadūšu ūānum ina tikkušu išakkām-ma 6 šēpūšu 4 ṣilūšu ul mitgurtum mātum mātam itti šumša itakkallu rubū māssu ibbalkissu | 31' If an anomaly has two heads (and) the second one is on its neck, and (it has) six feet (and) four ribs -- dissension; one land will consume the other land for no apparent reason; the prince's land will revolt against him. | 31' If an abnormal fetus has two heads and the second one rests on its neck, and if it has six feet and four ribs, discord! one country will consume the other without a reason; as for the prince: his country will turn against him. |
| 33' BE iz-bu 2 SAG.DU.MEŠ-šú MAN ina GÚ.ḪAŠ-šú išakkāmma IGI.MEŠ-šú a-ḫi-e IGI.MEŠ LUGAL BAL-šú ṭar-ri-du-tam GIN-ak | 33' šumma izbu 2 qaqqadūšu ūānum ina arkatušu išakkām-ma īnūšu aḫē īnū šarri palšu ṭarridutam illak/ikūn(?) | 33' If an anomaly has two heads, (and) the second one is on its back, and its eyes look in different directions -- the king's reign will end in exile. | 33' If an abnormal fetus has only one horn sticking out in the middle (of its head) the prince's country will expand; the enemy's troops will remain in (their) country; the king can rely on allied troops and conquer his enemy's land. |
| 34' BE iz-bu 2 SAG.DU.MEŠ-šú MAN ina GÚ.ḪAŠ-šú GAR-ma KUN-su IGI DUMU LUGAL KI ADšú KÚR-ir | 34' šumma izbu 2 qaqqadūšu ūānum ina arkatušu išakkām-ma zibbusu immar rubū itti abišu inakkir | 34' If an anomaly has two heads, (and) the second one is on its back, and faces its tail -- the crown prince will be in enmity with his father. | 34' If an abnormal fetus has two heads and the second is on its back, and the eyes are facing in the opposite direction, regarding the king: his kingdom will result in exile. |
| 41' BE iz-bu 2 SAG.DU.MEŠ-šú MAN ina pa-pan lìb-bi-šú GAR-ma ŠEŠ ŠEŠ-šú IGI.MEŠ NUN É.[GAL-šú ŠUB-ma] ina URU-šú u UN.MEŠ-šú it-ta-ṣi ina KUR-šú NU È ina ki-di É.GAL [...] ga-du aš-bu DÙ-ma DÚR-ab DUMU.NITÁ-šú GIŠ.GU.ZA NU DIB-bat ṭar-du [kuš-šu-du ana URU-šú GUR-ra] | 41' šumma izbu 2 qaqqadūšu ūānum ina papān libbišu išakkām-ma mārum māršu immar(ū?) rubū ēkalšu innad-ma] ina ālišu u nišūšu ittaṣi ina mātišu ul uṣṣi ina kīdi ēkalli [...] gadū ašbu ippeš-ma irrab māru zakkāršu kuššē ul iṣabbat ṭardu [kuššudu ana ālišu išaḫḫra] | 41' If an anomaly has two heads, (and) the second one is on its diaphragm, and one faces the other -- the prince's palace will be abandoned and he will go out from his city and his people; he will not leave his land, (but), outside his palace [...] ....; his son will not take the throne; an exile who was driven out will return to his city. | 41' If an abnormal fetus has two heads and the second one is on its belly, the prince's palace will be abandoned and he will leave his city and his people; not out of his country but out of his palace [...]; his son will not sit on the throne; an exile who has been driven out will return to his city. |
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, pp. 117-118. b = MLC 1875; CDLI: P296526. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 32' BE iz-bu SI-šú 1-ma ina SAG.DU-šú È-át GIŠ.TUKUL LUGAL.GI.NA KUR NUN DAGAL-iš GIŠ.TUKUL KALAG.ME-ma LUGAL GABA.RI NU TUK-ši | 32' šumma izbu qarnušu ištēn-ma ina qaqqaduš aṣbat kakkū Šarrukin māt rubī irappiš kakkū udannan-ma šarri maḫiri ul irašši | 32' If an anomaly has only one horn, and it protrudes from its head -- weapon of Sargon; the land of the prince will expand; the weapons will be strong and the king will have no opponent. | 32' If an abnormal fetus has only one horn sticking out of its head (but in normal position, i.e., right or left), Sargon's club! The prince's country will expand; the military forces will consolidate and the king will have no one to turn against him. |
| 33' [BE iz-bu] ⸢SI⸣-šú 1-ma ina UGU È-át KUR NUN DAGAL-iš [...] ⸢KÚR⸣-ka ina ŠÁ KUR DÚR-ab ⸢LUGAL⸣ til-la-a-te TUK-ši-ma KUR KÚR-šú ú-šam-qat | 33' [šumma izbu] ⸢qarnu⸣šu ištēn-ma ina eli aṣbat māt rubī irappiš [...] ⸢maḫir⸣ka ina libbi mātim uššab ⸢šarru⸣ tillāte irašši-ma māt maḫiršu ušamqat | 33' If an anomaly has only one horn, and it protrudes from the top (of its head) -- the land of the prince will expand; [...]; your enemy will reside in the land; the king will have auxiliary troops and will overthrow the land of his enemy. | 33' If an abnormal fetus has only one horn sticking out in the middle (of its head) the prince's country will expand; the enemy's troops will remain in (their) country; the king can rely on allied troops and conquer his enemy's land. |
| 34' [BE iz-bu SI-šu] 1-ma ina SAG.KI-šú È-át [GIŠ.TUKUL LUGAL].GI.NA | 34' [šumma izbu qarnušu] ištēn-ma inaputšu aṣbat [kakkū Šarru]kin | 34' If an anomaly has only one horn, and it protrudes from its forehead -- weapon of Sargon. | 34' If an abnormal fetus has only one horn sticking out of its forehead, Sargon's club! |
| 45' [BE iz-bu SI.MEŠ-šú] ina GÚ.ḪAŠ-šú GAR.ME ZI SAL.ḪUL NUN UG6-ma KÚR ri-eš ERIM.MU ana(!) SAL.ḪUL ú-kal | 45' [šumma izbu qarnūšu] ina arkassu išakkan lemnūtum rubū imāt-ma maḫiršum rēš išitti ana(!) lemnūtum ukāl | 45' If an anomaly's horns are on its back -- an evil attack; the prince will die and an enemy will hold evil in store for my army. | 45' If an abnormal fetus has horns sticking out of its back, a terrible assault! The prince will die and as a harmful consequence the enemy will have the elite of my army in its hands. |
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, p. 131. A = K. 3998; CDLI: P365882; CT 27, Pl. 37. b = K. 4048; CDLI: P365881; CT 27, Pl. 36. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 1 BE iz-bu GEŠTU 15-šú NU GÁL BAL LUGAL TIL É.GAL-šú BIR ŠUB-tim ši-bu-ut URU LUGAL mali-ku NU TUK-ši UŠ4 KUR NIŠ-ni bu-ul KUR TUR ana KÚR qá-ba-a GAR-an | 1 šumma izbu uznu imissu ul ibaššūm pal šarri iqatti ēkalšu ustappaḫ maqātim šibut āli šarru malikū ul irašši ṭēmi mātu išanni būl māti iṣeḫḫirū ana maḫiri qabā išakkan | 1 If an anomaly has no right ear -- the reign of the king will be at an end; his palace will be scattered; overthrow of the elders of the city; the king will have no advisers; the land will go mad; the herds of the land will decrease; he (the king) will be obedient to the enemy. | 1 If an abnormal fetus is without the right ear, the king's rule will end: his household will scatter; the city dignitaries will be removed; the king will have no more councilors; the country will go mad; the country's cattle will diminish; the king will have to listen to the enemy. |
| 2 BE iz-bu GEŠTU 150-šú NU GÁL DINGIR te-eṣ-lit LUGAL iš-me LUGAL KUR KÚR-šú TI-qí É.GAL KÚR BIR-aḫ maḫiru ma-li-ku NU TUK bu-ul KUR KÚR tu-ṣa-ḫir-ma qá-ba-a-am GAR-ku | 2 šumma izbu uznu šumēlšu ul ibaššūm ilu tēṣlit šarri išme šarru māt maḫiršu leqi ēkal maḫiri isappaḫ maḫiru malikū ul irašši būl māt maḫri tuṣaḫir-ma qabā išakkanku | 2 If an anomaly has no left ear -- the god has heard the prayer of the king; the king will take the land of his enemy; the palace of the enemy will be scattered; the enemy will have no advisers; you will decrease the herds of the land of the enemy; and (the enemy) will be obedient to you. | 2 If an abnormal fetus is without the left ear, God heard the king's prayer: the king will occupy the enemy's country, the house of the (king’s) enemy will be scattered; the enemy (king) will have no more advisors; you will diminish the enemy's cattle; the enemy will have to listen to you. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 5.4: Strange behaviors
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, p. 191. B = K. 6859 [CDLI: P396850; CT 28, Pl. 35] + K. 9718 [CDLI: P398271] + K. 10723. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
gB |
| 15' BE ŠAḪ.MEŠ ina URU-ma u KUN-šú-nu tar-u-u ZI-ut ERIM-ni ERIM KÚR [SAG A.ŠÁ-šá KUR-ád] | 15' šumma šaḫappū ina ālima u zibbušunu tarū tibūt ummāni ummān maḫri [izzissu ikaššad] | 15' If pigs are in the city and their tails are raised -- attack of the army; the army of the enemy will attain its objective. | 15' If pigs enter the city and their tails are straight attack of the army! The enemy's army will reach its goal. |
| 18' BE ŠAḪ.MEŠ SIG4 É NA i-kàr-ra-du É.BI ŠUB-ma | 18' šumma šaḫappū libittam bīt amēli ikarradu bītu ullītu innad-ma | 18' If pigs pinch off a brick from the house of a man -- that house will be abandoned. | 18' |
| 19' BE ŠAḪ GIŠ.GI ida URU iq-te-ni-ru-ba URU.BI ŠUB-ma ár-bu-tam GIN-ak | 19' šumma šaḫ api ida āli iqteniruba ālu ullū innad-ma arbūtam illak/ikūn(?) | 19' If a wild pig continually comes near the edge of the city -- that city will be abandoned and will become waste. | 19' If the pigs crumble the bricks of someone's house, that house will be abandoned. |
| 20' BE ŠAḪ GIŠ.GI ana ŠÁ URU TU-ub URU.BI Ú.GUG DIB-bat | 20' šumma šaḫ api ana libbi āli irrub āla ullā nebrītum iṣabbat | 20' If a wild pig enters into the heart of the city -- famine will seize that city. | 20' If a wild pig walks into a town, famine will take that city. |
Leichty 1970 Izbu = Leichty 1970, p. 193. B = K. 217 [CDLI: P393792] + K. 4046; Boissier 1894 Documents = Boissier 1894, p. 104. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Leichty |
g) |
| 19' DIŠ UR.GIRx(KU) ina GIŠ.NÁ-šú ir-bi-iṣ DINGIR-šú KI-šú zi-e-ni | 19' šumma kalbum ina kussīšu irbiṣ ilušu ittišu zeni | 19' If a dog lies down in his bed -- his god is angry with him. | 19' If a dog lies in his bed, his god is irritated with him. |
| 23' DIŠ UR.GIRx(KU) BABBAR LÚ iš-tin LÚ.BI KI.KAL DIB-su | 23' šumma kalbum peṣūm awīlim ištin awīla ullā dannatū iṣabbassu | 23' If a white dog urinates on a man -- hard times will seize that man. | 23' If a white dog urinates on a man, bad times will seize that man. |
| 24' DIŠ UR.GIRx(KU) GE6 LÚ iš-tin GIG DIB-su | 24' šumma kalbum ṣalmum awīla ištin murṣum iṣabbassu | 24' If a black dog urinates on a man -- sickness will seize him. | 24' If a black dog urinates on a man, a disease will seize that man. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 6: Planetary omens
|
Sources: Autograph: Bezold 1889- 1899 Catalogue = Bezold, Carl 1889-1899, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum, 5 Vols., London: British Museum; King 1914 Catalogue = King, Leonard William 1914, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum: Supplement, London: British Museum; Leichty 1986 Catalogue = Leichty, Erle 1986, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum: Volume VI: Tablets from Sippar, I, London: British Museum. Akkadian text and English translation (columns 2-3 and 4): Reiner 1981 Enuma = Reiner, Erica with Pingree, David 1981, Babylonian Planetary Omens, Part Two. Enūma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51, Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 2/2, Malibu: Undena Publications. |
B = BM 98594 (1905-4-9,100); C = K. 12761 [CDLI: P400040] + Sm. 1504. BM obv.; BM rev. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| MUL Rab-bu ana ZI-ut SU.BIR4ki | Kakkabu Rabbū ana ašušit Subarti | The Great star is for an attack by Subartu. | The big star: assault by Subartu. | ||||
| dUDU.IDIM ina [IM].KUR UD | bibbum ina šadī uṣṣi | A planet stands in the east: | A planet in the east: | ||||
| ZI-bu | tību | attack [by Subartu] | assault by Subartu. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| [MUL.GÍR.TAB] ana KI.LAM | [zuqiqīpu] ana maḫīri | The Scorpion is for the market. | The scorpion: the marketplace. | ||||
| [ ] EŠ dSAG.ME.GAR ana ⸢SAG.MUL⸣.[GÍR.TAB | [ ] ... nēberu ana qaqqad [zuqiqīpi | If Jupiter [reaches] the head of [the Scorpion: | Jupiter touches the head of scorpion: | ||||
| in Akkad the existing market will be halved.] | the value of the market in Akkad will be halved. | ||||||
D = K. 4292; CDLI: P395472. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
||||
| MUL.MAR.GÍD.DA ana AN.MI | ereqqu ana attalī | The Wagon is for eclipses. | The chariot: eclipse. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| MUL.APIN a-na AB.SÍN šur-ri-i | epinnu ana absinni šurrī | The Plow is for starting the furrow. | The plow: beginning of the furrows. | ||||
| SAR: šur-ru-u šá la-pa-ti AB.SÍN il-lap-pat-ma | SAR: šurrū ša lapāti absinnu illappat-ma | SAR = šurrū ša lapāti 'to begin, with reference to "to touch",' (namely) the furrow will be "touched" | The furrow is touched: | ||||
| ŠE ina UD.ME-šú ú-šar-ru: re-eš me-riš-te šur-ri | uṭṭatu ina ūmišu ušarru: rēš mērište šurri | the barley will grow in season;(alternate illustration): to start the cultivated field. | the barley will grow in its season, time to start to cultivate the fields. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| MUL.UGA a-na KI.LAM GI.NA | erēbu ana maḫīri ginī | The Raven is for a steady market. | The raven: stable market. | ||||
| dUDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ i-ba-ìl-ma MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA ina È-š[ú ša]-qu GAB | kayyamānu ibāl-ma šitaddaru ina aṣīš[u ša]qu miḫrit(?) | Saturn is brilliant. "If the True Shepherd of Anu at its coming forth is high: | Saturn is brilliant. The True Shepherd of Anu is tall at its rising: | ||||
| Ì.GÁL | ibašši | there will be .... ". | there will be [...]. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| MUL.dTIR.AN.NA a-na [ŠÈ]G NU SUR | Manziat ana [nazān]i ul eṭir | The Rainbow is for not raining. | The rainbow: no rain. | ||||
| ina UD er-pi šá ŠÈG SUR dTIR.AN.[NA G]IL | ina ūmu erpi ša nazāni eṭir Manziat egir | "If on a cloudy day when it rains a rainbow arches: | On a cloudy day there is the rainbow while it rains: | ||||
| ŠÈG NU SUR | nazānu ul eṭir | it will not rain." | it will not rain. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
||||
| MUL.KA5.A ana É.MEŠ pu-ul-lu-ši | šēlubu ana bītī pulluši | The Fox is for breaking into houses. | The fox: forced entry into houses. | ||||
| MUL Ṣal-bat-a-nu ana MUL.GÍR.TAB | Ṣalbatānu ana zuqiqīpi | "If Mars approaches the Scorpion: | Mars approaches the scorpion: | ||||
| TE ina É.GAL NUN BURU3-šú GÁL-ši | ṭēḫ ina ēkalli rubī pilšušu ibašši | there will be a breach in the palace of the prince." | there will be a forced entry in the prince’s palace. | ||||
| MUL Ṣal-bat-a-nu ana MUL.GÍR.TAB | Ṣalbatānu ana zuqiqīpi | "If Mars approaches the Scorpion: | Mars approaches the scorpion: | ||||
| TE URU ina 3-ši DIB-bat | ṭēḫ ālu ina pilšuši iṣabbat | the city will be taken through a breach." | the city will be conquered through a breach in the wall. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| MUL.IM.ŠU.RIN.NA ana MU TU[K7 (x)] | tinūru ana raš[ī x] | The Oven is for acquiring progeny?. | The stove: acquisition of [...]. | ||||
| MUL Tul-tum gít-pu-šat | Tultum gitpušat | "If the Worm is massive: | The worm is huge: | ||||
| ARḪUŠ u SILIM.MU [ina KUR GÁL-ši] | rēmum u salīmum ina māti ibašši | there will be mercy and reconciliation in the land." | there will be mercy and peace in the country. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
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| MUL.NIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA | kakkabu Elamti ana kūṣi | The Star of Elam is for cold. | Star of Elam: cold. | ||||
| MUL.NIM.MA MUL Ṣal-bat-a-nu | kakkabu Elamti kakkabu Ṣalbatānu | The Star of Elam is Mars, | The star of Elam is Mars: | ||||
| MUL.dIM.D[UGUDmušen] | Anzū | the Anzū-bird. | the eagle Anzu. | ||||
| MUL.dIM.DUGUDmušen MUL-šu ma-diš SA5 | Anzū kakkabšu mādiš pelū | "If the Anzū-bird's star is very red: | The star of Anzu is very red: | ||||
| EN.TE.NA GÁL-[ši] | kūṣu ibašši | there will be cold." | It will be cold. | ||||
| MUL.NIM.MA dNIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim | kakkab Elamti Ninazu bēl qaqqari | The Star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the earth; | The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of earth | ||||
| MU dLi9-si4 MUL.GÍR.TAB qa-bi dṢal-bat-a-nu ina ŠÀ DU-ma | šū Lisi zuqiqīpu qabi Ṣalbatānu ina libbi izziz-ma | it is said with reference to Lisi, the Scorpion; Mars stands in it. | Mars is in the center. | ||||
| MUL.BAL.TEŠ.A SUKKAL dTišpak ana MUL.GÍR.TAB | kakkab bāšti šukkal Tišpak ana zuqiqīpi | "If the Star of Dignity, the vizier of Tispak, approaches the Scorpion: | The Star of Dignity, that is the assistant of the god Tišpak, is coming close to the Scorpion | ||||
| TE MU.3.KAM EN.TE.NA dan-nu GÁL-ma ḫa-aḫ-ḫu su-ālu KUR DIB-bat | ṭēḫ šattī šalāšī kūṣum dannum ibašši-ma ḫaḫḫu suālu māta iṣabbat | for three years there will be severe cold, cough and phlegm will befall the land." | for three years it will be very cold, cough and phlegm will grip the country. | ||||
E = K. 6997 + 79-7-8,210. |
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(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
||||
| [dIMIN.BI a-na] KÚ-ti bu-[lim] | [apkallu ana] būlim | The Seven gods are for the devouring of cattle. | The seven gods: cattle slaughter. | ||||
| MUL.MUL u MUL.MAR UR.BI D]U.MEŠ | zappu u ereqqu ištēniš izzizū | "If the Bristle and the Wagon stand together: | The Pleiades and the chariot come together: | ||||
| ŠÈG.MEŠ u A.KAL.MEŠ DU.MEŠ-nim-ma ŠE.GÙN.NU TUR ina EN.TE.NA ŠUB-[tim bu-lim] | nazānū u abūbū izzizūnim-ma šegunnūm iṣeḫḫir ina kūṣi mi[qittim būlim] | rains and flood will come, and the ....-barley will be little: in winter, epidemic among cattle." | the rain will come and flood and the barley will be little; in winter: livestock epidemic. | ||||
| [MUL.UDU.IDIM ana MUL.MUL T]E : | [bibbum ana zappi iṭ]ḫe | "If a planet approaches, variant: the Bristle: | A planet approaches the Pleiades: | ||||
| KUR-ud dIMIN.BI KUR KÚ.[MEŠ] | ikšud apkallu māta ikkal[ū] | reaches, the Seven gods will devour the land." | the seven gods will tear the country apart. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
||||
| [MUL.MEŠ dUTU.È a-na] I[M.ŠÈG ŠÈG] | [kakkabū ṣīt šamši ana] za[nāni zunni] | The stars of the sunrise are for the raining of rain. | Stars at sunrise: great rain. | ||||
| [MUL.MEŠ ina dUTU.È n]e-mu-ru: | [kakkabū ina ṣīt šamši n]emurū | "If the stars are visible at sunrise: | Stars can be seen at the rising of the sun: | ||||
| ŠÈG.MEŠ [u A.KAL.MEŠ ZAL.ZAL-u] | zunnū [u abūbū ilazzazū] | rains and floods will persist." | rain and flood will persist. | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Reiner - Pingree |
gB |
||||
| [MUL.MEŠ SAR.MEŠ-ḫu] a-na [ZI IM] | [kakkabū napāḫū] ana [dekī ūāri] | Scintillating stars are for the rising of wind. | Stars shining: Rising wind. | ||||
| [MUL.MEŠ it-t]a-na-an-pa-ḫu | [kakkabū itt]anapanū | "If the stars flare up again and again: | The stars are constantly shining with sudden flashes of light: | ||||
| IM.DIRI NU ZI-[a] / (gloss): LUGAL | ūārum watrum ul idakki-[a] / (gloss): ūarrum | a strong wind, variant: king, will (not) rise." | a strong wind will not come / a king. | ||||
G = Sm. 1267. |
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| [MUL.Á]G.AN.NE ana BALA TIL.LA: | [kakkab A]ni ana palī qatī | / | Anu’s crown: end of the dynasty. | ||||
| MUL.MEŠ ina AN.NE i-bar-ru-ṣu | kakkabū ina kararī ibarruṣū | "If the stars sparkle in the noonday sun: | The stars shine at noon: | ||||
| aḫ-rat BALA MAR [...] | aḫrāt palī Amurri [...] | the future of the dynasty of Amurru [...]." | the future of the Amurru dynasty. | ||||
| [MUL.MEŠ mu-š]i-te GIM AN.NE nam-ru | [kakkabū muš]īte kīma kararī namrū | "If the stars of the night are as bright as the noonday sun: | The stars at night shine like the midday sun: | ||||
| BALA NAM.K[ÚR] | palūm nukurti | a reign of hostilities." | a reign of hostility. | ||||
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| [MUL.GÀM ana BALA TIL.L]A | [gamlu ana palī qa]tī | The Crook is for the end of the dynasty. | The hook: end of the dynasty. | ||||
| MUL GÀM lum-mu-un | gamlu lummun | "(If) the Crook is inauspicious: | The hook is ugly: | ||||
| BALA ḪA.[A] | palū iḫal[liq] | the dynasty will perish." | the dynasty will perish. | ||||
| [MUL.GÀM zi-mu-šu uṣ-ṣa-na-l]a-mu | [gamlu zīmušu uṣṣanal]amu | "If the appearance of the Crook becomes black: | Apparently the hook is black: | ||||
| BALA Ḫ.A-ma MAN-ma DU6+DU-a | palū iḫalliq-ma šanūm illi-a(?) | the dynasty will perish and another will appear." | the dynasty will perish and another one will appear. | ||||
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| MUL Dil-bat ina SAR-šá MUL M]a-ak-ru-ú ana ŠÀ-šú TU | kakkab Dilbat ina aṣīšu kakkabu M]akrū ana libbišu irrub | If at Venus's rising the Red star enters into it: | If at the rising of Venus the red star overlaps: | ||||
| DUMU LUGAL AŠ.TE DIB-bat | mār šarri kussā iṣabbat | the king's son will seize the throne." | the king's son will take the throne. | ||||
| [MUL Dil-bat ina SAR-šá MUL.MIN ana Š]À-šú TU-ma NU È-a | [kakkab Dilbat ina aṣīšu kakkabu šū ana lib]bišu irrub-ma ul uṣṣi-a(?) | "If at Venus's rising the same star enters into it and does not come forth: | If at the rising of Venus the same star overlaps does not come out: | ||||
| DUMU LUGAL ana É AD-šú TU-[ma AŠ.TE DIB-bat] | mār šarri ana bīt abišu irrub[-ma kussā iṣabbat] | the king's son will enter his father's house and seize the throne." | the king's son will enter in his father's house and will take the throne. | ||||
S = K. 230; CDLI: P237799. |
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| [ ] ⸢UL.SIPA.ZI⸣.AN.NA LI.DUR-su SA5 ina 15-šú MI GÁL-ši | [ ] ⸢rēߴū⸣ Ani abunnassu pelū ina imittišu uršum ibašši | If the navel of the True Shepherd of Anu is red, (and) there is a dark spot on its right: | If the navel of the True Shepherd of Anu is red, and there is a dark spot to its right: | ||||
| BAL-tum GÁ[L] x x x ⸢ta⸣ ba nu šá GIM EN-šú ina GIŠ.TUKUL Š[UB?-ut] | bārtum ibašši x x x ⸢ta⸣ ba nu (sic) ša kīma bēlšu ina kakkī i[maqqut] | there will be a revolt, a .... who is like his master will fall? through weapons. | there will be a rebellion, but the one who is like his leader will fall under arms. | ||||
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| [UL.SIPA.ZI].AN.NA UL.MEŠ-šú UL.UL.MEŠ | [rēߴū] Ani kakkabūšu immirū | If the True Shepherd of Anu's stars scintillate: | If the stars of the True Shepherd of Anu sparkle: | ||||
| IDIM ug-dap-pa-šam-ma SAL.ḪUL [DÙ-uš] | kabtum ugdappašam-ma lemuttām ippuš | an important person will become powerful and commit evil deeds. | an important person will become powerful and will commit wrongdoings. | ||||
T = K. 7621; CDLI: P238695. |
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| [MUL.BAN ana MUL.KAK.SI.S]Á KUR-ud | [qaštu ana šukūd]i ikaššud | [If the Bow] reaches [the Arrow]: | If the bow reaches the arrow: stable. | ||||
| EBUR SI.SÁ KI.LA[M GI.NA (dGU4.UD ina ŠÀ MUL.AB.SÍN DU-ma)] | ebūru iššaru maḫī[ru ikān (muštarīlu ina libbi absinni illik-ma)] | the harvest will prosper, the market will be steady. (Mercury stands in the Furrow.) | the harvest will be abundant, the market will be stable. (Mercury is in the furrow). | ||||
U = K. 3555 [CDLI: P395088], col. I. |
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| MUL Nin-kilim i-[ ] | kakkab Ninkilim i-[ ] | If the Mongoose [...]: | If the Mongoose [...]: | ||||
| ku-ru-sis-si ŠE.GIŠ.Í [KÚ] | kurusissi(sic) šamaššamā | the kurusissu rodent will eat the flax [note; mDP: ŠE.GIŠ.Í = šamaššamū, 'sesame']. | a certain type of rodent will eat the flax. | ||||
V = BM 38301 obv. and W = Rm. 459 [CDLI: P424782]. |
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| [MUL] SIPA.ZI.AN.NA meš-ḥa im-šu-uḥ | rēߴū Ani mešḥa imšuḥ | If the True Shepherd of Anu produces a mishu: | If the True Shepherd of Anu produces a certain luminous phenomenon: | ||||
| LUGAL EN BALA ina šer-t[i-šú] bu-bu-ߴ-tú DIRI-ma BA.B[E] [ ].NA m[eš- | šarru bēl palī ina šērt[išu] bubuߴtu iwattir-ma imāt [...] | the king, lord of the dynasty, through his misdeeds will become full of boils and die. | the rightful holder of dynastic continuity , because of his misdeeds, he will be overcome with wounds and will die. | ||||
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| [] UD ina GUB.BA-šú EŠ4.DAR DU | [] šumma ina manzāzišu Ištar izziz | If in its position Ištar stands: | If Venus stays in her position: | ||||
| LUGAL KUR-su BAL-su (break) | šarru māssu ibbalkissu | the king's land will revolt against him. | the king's country will turn against him. | ||||
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| [] UD ina GUB.BA-šú MUL.MEŠ ma-lu-ú | [] šumma ina manzāzišu kakkabū malū | If in its position it is filled with stars: | If it is full of stars in its position: | ||||
| NAM.BAD.MEŠ GÁL.MEŠ | dibirū ibaššūm | there will be pestilence. | there will be a plague. | ||||
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| UD ina GUB.BA-šú MUL Na-ka-ru DU | šumma ina manzāzišu kakkab Nakaru izziz | If in its position the Stranger stands: | If the stranger stays in his position: | ||||
| BALA NAM.KÚR.MEŠ | palū nukurtī | reign (fraught with) hostilities. | the kingdom (will be full) of hostility. | ||||
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 7: Manual for a seer examining a sacrificed animal
|
Sources: Autograph: Van Dijk 1985 Y O S 11 = Van Dijk, J.J.A., Goetze Albrecht, and Hussey, Mary Inda 1985, Early Mesopotamian Incantations and Rituals, Yale Oriental Series, Vol. 11, New Haven-London: Yale University Press (Text A = HSM 7494; Pls. 29-33). Akkadian text and English translation (columns 2, 4): Starr 1983 Diviner = Starr, Ivan 1983, The Rituals of the Diviner, Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 12, Malibu: Undena Publications, pp. 30-36. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 7.1
(syllabic transcription) |
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| 1 | [dUTU be]-el di-n[im] dIM be-el ik-ri-bi ù bi-ri-im | [Šamaš bē]l dīn[im] Adad bēl ikribi ù bīrim | Šamaš, lord of judgment; Adad, lord of extispicy-rituals and divination, | 1 Sun-god, lord of the verdict; storm-god, lord of rituals and divination, |
| 2 | [na-ši-a-k]u-[n]u-ši-im ša-a-am ma-ri ša-a-ti el-lam ti-iq-qí-a-am pu-ḫa-da-am ba-ar-ma-a-am | [našāk]u[n]ušim šām māri šāti ellam tiqqām puḫādam barmam | bring to you (as an offering) a pure lamb born of a ewe; a clear-eyed(?) lamb, a speckled lamb, | I bring you the offering of a pure lamb born of a pure sheep, with bright eyes, a spotted lamb, |
| 3 | [ṣù-pa]-am ṣù-up-pu-ra-am ši-pa-tim el-lam ša i-na pu-qù-ù ša-a-ti it-ta-ab-ba | [ṣupa]m ṣuppuram šīpātim ellam ša ina pūqu/i šāti ittabba | pure suppu-lamb with curly fleece who follows(?) behind the ewe. | a special lamb, with a curly fleece, that still is attached to its mother. |
| 4 | [ša ri-ḫ]u-um i-ti-iq-šu imi-it-tam ù šu-me-lam la is-su-hḫ a-na-sa-aḫ-kum i-ti-iq-šu ša i-mi-tim [ù] šu-me-lim | [ša rīḫ]um itiqšu imittam ù šumēlam lā issuḫ anasaḫkum itiqšu ša imitim [u] šumēlim | Its fleece, on the left and on the right, which no shepherd had plucked, I will pluck for you; its fleece, on the left and on the right, | He's still intact, and it will be me who will now tear his fleece just for you (!), both left and right. |
| 5 | [a-ša-ka-a]n-ku i-na za-i-im qí-ri i-li ra-bu-tim za-ú-um ù GIŠ.ERIN li-iq-ri-a-ku-nuti-i-ma | [ašakā]nku ina zīm qīri ilī rabūtim zūm u qišti liqriakunūti-ma | will place for you. Invite the gods by means of (cedar) resin. Let resin and cedar (fragrance) bring you forth. | The scent of cedar resin invites (!) the great gods (to be here with us)! May the cedar resin welcome you (all) here! |
| 6 | [i-na] ⸢te-er⸣-ti e-ep-pu-šu i-na ik-ri-ib a-ka-ar-ra-bu ki-it-tam šu-uk-na-an | [ina] ⸢tēr⸣ti eppušu ina ikrib akarrābu kittam šuknan | In the extispicy I make, in the ritual I perform, place a true verdict. | And so you two instill the truth in the liver analysis I am about to do, in the ritual I am about to perform! |
| 7 | [i-na di-i]n(?) ša an-na-an-na ma-ri an-na-an-na i-na pu-ḫa-ad a-ka-ar-ra-bu ki-it-tam šu-uk-nam | [ina dī]n(?) ša annanna māri annanna ina puḫād akarrābu kittam šuknan | In the case(?) of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so, in the lamb I am offering place a true verdict. | Infuse (!) the truth in the lamb of sacrifice in the name of so-and-so! |
| 8 | [a(?)]-si-kum dUTU šu-te-bi-ib am-ta-ḫa-ar-ka i-na pu-ḫa-ad a-ka-ar-ra-bu ki-it-tam šu-uk-nam | [a(?)]sikum Šamaš šutebib amtaḫarka ina puḫād akarrābu kittam šuknan | appeal to you, O Šamaš; cleanse (me), I beseech you. In the lamb I am offering place a true verdict. | I come to you, O sun god, to ask you to purify me, to infuse truth into the lamb of sacrifice. |
| 9 | dUTU te-ep-te-a-am sí-ik-ku-ri da-la-at ša-me-e te-li-a-am sí-mi-la-at uq-<ni>-im el-li-im | Šamaš teptam sikkūri dalāt šamē teliam símilat uq<nī>m ellim | Šamaš, you have opened the locks of the gates of heaven; you went up a staircase of pure lapis lazuli. | O sun-god, you opened the deadbolt on the gates of heaven, you climbed the staircase of pure lapis lazuli, |
| 10 | ul-lu-um-ma na-ši-a-ti ši-bi-ir-ri uq-ni-im i-na a-ḫi-ka a-na di-ni [ta]-di-a-nim | ullum-ma našiāti šibirri uqnīm ina aḫīka ana dīni [ta]dianim | Lifting (it), you carry a staff of lapis lazuli in your arms for the cases that you judge. | you carry a scepter of lapis lazuli high in your arms for cases where you are the judge. |
| 11 | ta-di-in di-in i-li ra-bu-tim ta-di-in di-in ú-ma-mi-im ta-di-in di-in te-ni-ši-tim | tadīn dīn ilī rabūtim tadīn dīn umāmim tadīn dīn tenīšitim | You judge the case of the great gods; you judge the case of the beasts of the field; you judge the case of mankind. | because you judge even the cases of the great gods, you judge the cases of wild animals like those of men. |
| 12 | u4-ma-am di-in an-na-an-na ma-ri an-na-an-na di-na-a-ma i-na i-mi-ti pu-ḫa-di-im an-ni-im ki-it-tam ù šu-me-el pu-ḫa-di an-ni-im ki-it-tam šu-uk-na-an | ūmam dīn annanna māri annanna dīnama ina imiti puḫādim annīm kittam u šumēl puḫādi annīm kittam šuknan | Judge today the case of so-and-so, son of so-and-so. On the right of this lamb (place) a true verdict, and on the left of this lamb place a true verdict. | Therefore, judge today the case of so-and-so! Infuse the truth on the right side of this lamb. Infuse the truth on the left side of this lamb! |
| 13 | ir-ba-am dUTU be-el di-nim ir-ba-am dIM be-el ik-ri-bi ù be-ri-im ir-ba-am ⸢dEN.⸣ZU šar-ri a-gi-im | irbam Šamaš bēl dīnim irbam Adad bēl ikribi u bērim irbam Sin šarri agīm | Enter, O Šamaš, lord of judgment; enter, O Adad, lord of extispicy-rituals and divination; enter, O Sin, king of the crown, | Come in, O God-sun, lord of the verdict! Enter, O storm god, lord of rituals and divination! Enter, O moon god, lord of the crown! |
| 14 | ù be-il-it bi-ri-im dIš-ḫa-ra wa-ši-ba-at ku-um-mi-im dGU.AN.NA ša-su-uk-ka-at i-li na-gi-ra-at dA-nim | u bēlit bīrim Išḫara wašibat kummim Guanna šasukkat ilī nāgirat Anim | and Išḫara, lady of divination, who dwells in the holy chamber; Guanna, registrar of the gods, herald of Anu; | O Išhara, lady of divination, who dwells in the sacred rooms! O Guanna, chancellor of the gods and ambassador to the sky-god! |
| 15 | dNÈ.IRI11.GAL be-el GIŠ.TUKUL DINGIR-lam be-el te-er-ti e-ep-pu-šu šu-zi-za-nim-ma i-na te-er-ti e-ep-pu-šu ki-it-tam šu-uk-na-an | Nergal bēl kakkī ilam bēl tērti eppušu šuzizanim-ma ina tērti eppušu kittam šuknan | (and) Nergal, lord of the weapon. Cause the god, lord of the extispicy I perform, to stand (in my extispicy). In the extispicy I make place a true verdict. | O Nergal, lord of arms! All of you, make sure the Lord of the sacrifice I'm about to make is present! Infuse the truth! |
| 16 | i-na ši-ik-na-at i-li ra-bu-tim i-na tu-up-pi ša i-li ta-ka-al-tum li-ši-ib | ina šiknat ilī rabūtim ina tuppi ša ilī tākaltum lišib | In the manifestation of the great gods, in the tablet of the gods, let a takaltu be present. | May there be, in the presence of the great gods, in the divine tablet (in the shape and model of the liver), the mirror image (of the lamb's liver)! |
| 17 | dNisaba tu-up-ša-ra-tum li-ša-ṭe4-er di-na-am dSIPA im-me-ra-am li-ṭe4-ḫi a-na pu-ḫu-ur i-li ra-bu-tim a-na šu-lu-[um(?) di(?) ]-nim | Nisaba tupšaratum lišaṭer dīnam Nusku immeram liṭeḫi ana puḫur ilī rabūtim ana šūl[um(?) dī(?)]nim | Let Nisaba, the (divine) scribe, have the case recorded. Let Nusku present a sheep for the assembly of the great gods, for the disposal(?) of the case. | And that in this way Nisaba, the scribe (of the gods), record the verdict; that Nusku present a (similar) sheep in the assembly of the great gods in order that the verdict be complete. |
| 18 | li-iš-bu-ma da-a-a-nu i-lu-ú ra-bu-tim wa-ši-bu GIŠ.GU.ZA-a-at ḫu-ra-ṣi a-ki-lu pa-aš-šu-ur uq-ni-im ma-ḫa-ar-ka | lišbu-ma dānū ilū rabūtim wašibū kuššāt ḫurāṣi akilū paššur uqnīm maḫārka | Let the judges, the great gods, who sit on golden thrones, who eat at a table of lapis lazuli, sit before you. | Let the great divine judges, who sit on golden thrones and eat at the table of lapis lazuli, sit before you |
| 19 | i-na ki-it-tim ù mi-ša-ri-im li-di-nu di-na-am u4-ma-am di-in an-na-an-na ma-ri an-na-an-na di-na-a-ma | ina kittim u mīšarim lidinū dīnam ūmam dīn annanna māri annanna dīnama | Let them judge the case in justice and righteousness. Judge today the case of so-and-so, son of so-and-so. | who can judge the case according to law and justice! Judge this day the case of so-and-so, |
| 20 | i-na i-mi-it-ti pu-ḫa-di-im an-ni-im ki-it-tam ù šu-me-el pu-ḫa-di-im an-⸢ni⸣-im ki-it-tam šu-uk-na-an | ina imitti puḫādi annīm kittam u šumēl puḫādi an-⸢nī⸣m kittam šuknan | On the right of this lamb (place) a true verdict, and on the left of this lamb place a true verdict. | instill truth in the right and left of this lamb! |
| 21 | pu-ḫa-da-am an-ni-a-am a-na šu-lum an-na-an-na ma-ri an-na-an-na e-ep-pu-uš ana šu-ul-mi-im | puḫādam annīam ana šulum annanna māri annanna eppuš ana šulmim | I perform this extispicy for the well-being of so-and-so, son of so-and-so, for well-being. | Behold, I treat this lamb for the welfare of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so. For the well-being! |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 7.2
(syllabic transcription) |
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| 22 | re-eš im-me-ri-im i-mi-it-tam li-wi-ir šu-me-lam li-it-ru-uk | rēš immerim imittam liwir šumēlam litruk | Let the head of the sheep be light on the right; let it be dark on the left. | May the sheep's head light up to the right, darken to the left, |
| 23 | ni-iš re-eš im-me-ri-im i-mi-it-tam li-wi-ir šu-me-lam li-it-ru-uk | nīš rēš immerim imittam liwir šumēlam litruk | Let the poll of the head of the sheep be light on the right; let it be dark on the left. | the back of the sheep's neck light up on the right, darken on the left, |
| 24 | šu-ul-mu-um i-na na-ap-ša-at im-me-ri-im imi-it-tam li-wi-ir šu-me-lam li-it-ru-uk | šulmum ina napšāt immerim imittam liwir šumēlam litruk | Let the dewlap(?) on the throat of the sheep be light on the right; let it be dark on the left. | the sheep's neck light up on the right, darken on the left, |
| 25 | a-ḫu-um i-ir-tum imi-it-tam li-wi-ir šu-me-lam li-it-ru-u[k] | aḫum irtum imittam liwir šumēlam litru[k] | Let the flank (and the) chest be light on the right; let it be dark on the left. | the side of the sheep's chest light up on the right, darken on the left! |
| 26 | i-du-um i-mi-it-tam li-ik-šu-ud šu-me-lam li-na-ḫi-is ši-ru-um i-mi-it-tam li-li-ik šu-melam [li-na]-ḫi-is | idum imittam likšud šumēlam linaḫis šīrum imittam lilik šumēlam [lina]ḫis | Let the side stretch out on the right; let it be compressed on the left. Let the flesh bulge on the right; let it be recessed on the left. | May the sheep's side extend to the right, narrow to the left, the flesh swell to the right, narrow to the left, |
| 27 | zi-ib-ba-tum imi-it-tam li-li-ik šu-me-lam li-pa-ṭe4-er nim-šu i-mi-it-tam li-li-ku šu-me-l[am li-na]-ḫ-su | zibbatum imittam lilik šumēlam lipaṭer nimšū imittam lilikū šumēl[am lina]ḫsū | Let the tail be taut on the right; let it be loosened on the left. Let the tendons expand on the right; let them be contracted on the left. | the tail move to the right, stiffen to the left, tendons relax to the right, stiffen to the left. |
| 28a | uši-ri-id a-na li-ib-bi im-me-ri-im te-er-tam | ušīrid ana libbi immerim tērtam | He brought down an oracle into the sheep. | (Shamash) brought down the oracle inside the sheep. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 7.3
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| 28b | ku-nu-uk-e-ṣe-em-ṣe-ri-im[?] ki-is-ri[?] ši-na i-mi-[it-tum šu-me-lam] li-ti-iq | kunūk eṣemṣērim kiṣrī šina imi[ttum šumēlam] litiq | Of the vertebrae, whose joints(?) are two, let the right one exceed the left one. | Of the vertebrae, in double series, may the right extend beyond the left, [...] (44 lines describing in detail the various organs of the animal follow). |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 8: Omens based on oil and water
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Sources: Autograph: Goetze 1974 Y O S 10 = Goetze, Albrecht 1974, Old Babylonian Omen Texts, Yale Oriental Series, Vol. 10, New Haven-London: Yale University Press; Sigristetal 1996 Catalogue = Sigrist, Marcel et al. 1996, Catalogue of the Babylonian tablets in the British Museum, Vol. 2, London: British Museum. Akkadian text and German translation (columns 1 and 4): Pettinato 1966 Lecanomancy = Pettinato, Giovanni 1966, Die Ölwahrsagung bei den Babyloniern, Studi semitici 21, 2 Vols, Roma: Istituto di studi del vicino Oriente, Università di Roma (Vol. 2 for transliterations and translations). |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 8.1
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Pettinato |
gB |
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| šamnam a-na me-e ad-di-i-ma šamnum iṭ-bu i-li-<am->ma ù me-e-šu ḫa-pi-ir | šamnam ana mē addima šamnum iṭbu il<am->ma u mēšu ḫapir | [Wenn] ich Öl auf das Wasser giesse und das Öl sinkt und (wieder) heraufsteigt und dann sein Wasser umfasst: | If I pour oil in water and then: the oil drops, rises, | |
| a-na ḫarrānim ti-bi le-mu-ut-tim a-na ma-ar-ṣi-im qá-ti i-lu-tim qá-tum da-an-na-[at] | ana ḫarrānim tībi lemuttim ana marṣim qāti ilūtim qātum dann[at] | für den Feldzug: Aufkommen von Unheil; für den Kranken: Hand der Gottheit, die Hand ist schwe[r]. | for the military expedition: disaster approaches; | |
| šamnum i]ṭ-bu i-li-<am>-ma mi-šu ḫa-pí-ir ù ti-PI-šu i-na-li | šamnum i]ṭbu il<am>-ma mīšu ḫapir u tību inali | [Wenn das Öl s]inkt, (wieder) heraufsteigt und dann sein Wasser umfasst und sein......: | If I pour oil in water and then: and then covers the water: | |
| a-na awīlim lu-mu-un li-bi a-na mar-ṣí-<im> [e-pu-uš]-ma i-ma-at | ana awīlim lumun lib(b)i ana marṣ<im> [ēpuš]-ma imāt | für den Betreffenden: Kummer; tue ich (es) für den Kranken: er wird sterben. | for the sick man: the hand of God: The hand is heavy. | |
| šamnum a-na 2 ra-ma-an-šu i-zu-uz | šamnum ana 2 ramānšu īzuz | Wenn das Öl sich in zwei Teile spaltet: | If the oil splits in two: | |
| a-na ḫa-ra-nim šu-ub-ta-an i-ne-[ši-ra] a-na ma-ar-ṣi-im e-pe-eš-ma i-ma-a-at | ana ḫarānim šubtan ine[šira] ana mar-ṣim epēš-ma imāt | für den Feldzug: die heiden Lager werden gegeneinander mars [chieren]; tue ich (es) für den Kranken: er wird sterben. | for the military expedition: the two camps will march against each other; if I do it for the sick man: he will die. | |
| i-na qá-ab-li-a-at šamnim tu-tu-ru a-na ṣi-it dŠamšin ú-ṣi-ma i-zi-iz | ina qabliat šamnim tut(t)uru ana ṣīt Šamšin uṣi-ma īziz | Wenn aus der Mitte des Öles ein Tropfen nach Sonnenaufgang hinauskommt und stehen bleibt: | If in the middle of the oil a drop goes to the east and it stops: | |
| a-na ḫa-ra-nim e-ep-pu-uš zi-it-tam a-ka-al a-na mar-ṣi-im i-ba-al-lu-uṭ | ana ḫarānim eppuš zittam akal ana marṣim iballuṭ | tue ich (es) für den Feldzug: ich werde Beute machen; für den Kranken: er wird genesen. | if I do it for the military expedition: I will profit from it; for the sick man: he will live. | |
| i-na qá-ab-li-a-at šamnim tu-tu-ru ši-na ú-ṣú-ni-im-ma iš-te-en ra-bi iš-te-en ṣe-ḫe-er aš-ti | ina qabliat šamnim tut(t)urū šina uṣunim-ma ištēn rabī ištēn ṣeḫer ašti | Wenn aus der Mitte des Öles zwei Tropfen herauskommen und der eine gross, der andere klein ist. | If in the middle of the oil two drops come out, one is big, one is small: | |
| a-wi-lim zi-ka-ra-am ul-la-ad a-na mar-ṣi-im i-ba-al-lu-uṭ | awīlim zikaram ullad ana marṣim iballuṭ | die Frau des Betreffenden wird einen Knaben gebären; für den Kranken: er wird genesen. | the man's wife will give birth a male; for the sick man: he will live. | |
| šamnum sà-pi-iḫ-ma ka-à-am im-la | šamnum sapiḫ-ma kām imla | Wenn das Öl zerlaufen ist und den Becher «anfüllt»: | If the oil is dispersed so as to cover the entire vessel: | |
| mar-ṣú-um i-ma-at a-na ḫa-ra-ni-im um-ma-na-am i-du-ku-ni-im | marṣum imāt ana ḫarānim ummānam idukunim | der Kranke wird sterben; für den Feldzug: man wird das Heer schlagen. | the sick person will die; for the military expedition: they will kill the (enemy) soldiers. | |
| šamnum a-na ṣi-it dŠamṣimši-im ip-tu-ur-ma 3 tu-tu-ru ú-ṣú-ni | šamnum ana ṣīt Šamṣim iptur-ma 3 tut(t)urū uṣuni | Wenn das Öl sich nach Sonnenaufgang hin auflöst und drei Tropfen herauskommen: | If the oil spreads to the east and then three drops come out: | |
| dŠa-maš ša-am-ša-am a-wi-lam a-na na-pi-iš-ti-šu i-ri-iš | Šamaš šamšam awīlam ana napištišu īriš | Šamaš fordert von dem Betreffenden eine Sonnenscheibe für sein Leben. | the sun-god requires from man a (votive) solar disc for his life. | |
| šamnum sa-am ša-mu-um | šamnum sām šāmum | Wenn das Öl rot ist: | If the oil is red: | |
| i-za-an-zu-un | izazzun(?) | es wird regnen. | it will rain. | |
| šamnum a-na i-pi i-tu-ur | šamnum ana ipi itur | Wenn das Öl zu einem (Öl)film wird: | If the oil forms a film: | |
| mar-ṣu i-ma-at | marṣu imaāt | der Kranke wird sterben. | the sick person will die. | |
| i-na ša-ni na-de-ja ik-ta-sa-ar | ina šani nādeja iktasar | (Wenn das Öl) bei meinem zweiten Giessen sich zusammenzieht: | If when it is poured again it contracts: | |
| lu mar-ṣum i-ba-lu-uṭ | lū marṣum ibaluṭ | mag er auch (schwer) krank sein, er bleibt am Leben. | even if he is sick, he will live. | |
| If the oil absorbs its water: | ||||
| the sacred word (= curse) of the earth (= the underworld) will seize the man. | ||||
| šamnum <i-na> ša-ni-im na-de-ja me-e-šu ú-ta-aš-še25-er | šamnum <ina> šanim nādeja mēšu utaššer | Wenn das Öl bei meinem zweiten Giessen sein Wasser freilässt: | If the oil, when poured again, releases its water: | |
| ma-mi-it er-ṣe-tim a-wi-lam <ú-ul> ṣa-ab-ta-at | māmīt erṣetim awīlam <ul> ṣabtat | der Bann der Unterwelt hält den Betreffenden (nicht) gepackt. | (the curse) will not seize the man. | |
| šamnum lir-pi-iš-ma a-na qá-ab-li-a-at me-e-šu ka-ka-ba-am id-di-a-am | šamnum irpiš-ma ana qabliat mēšu kak(k)abam iddiam | Wenn das Öl sich ausdehnt und in der Mitte seines Wassers einen Stern bildet: | If the oil widens and then a star in the middle of its water: | |
| ṣi-bi-it dŠamaš | ṣibit Šamaš | Zugriff des Šamaš. | taken in the fist of the sun-god. | |
| šamnum me-e i-na na-de-ka a-ga-šu ta-ri-ik | šamnum mē ina nādeka agāšū tarik | Wenn die Umrandung des Öles, giesst du Wasser darauf, dunkel ist: | If the oil, poured into the water, its edge is dark: | |
| nam-ta-al-le dŠîn a-wi!-lum i-ma-a-at | namtallē Šīn awī!lum imāt | Mondfinsternis; der Betreffende wird sterben. | eclipse of the moon, the man will die. | |
| šamnum šu-ul-mi ši-na id-di-ma mi-it-ḫa-ru | šamnum šulmī šina iddi-ma mitḫarū | Wenn das Öl zwei Blasen bildet und diese gleich sind: | If the oil forms two bubbles that turn out to be the same: | |
| a-na mar-ṣi-im i-ba-lu-uṭ a-na ḫarrānim um-ma-ni re-qú-us-sà i-tu-ú-ra | ana marṣim ibaluṭ ana ḫarrānim ummāni rēqussa itura | für den Kranken: er wird genesen; für den Feldzug: mein Heer wird mit leeren Händen zu mir zurückkehren. | for the sick man: he will live; for the military expedition: my army will return empty-handed. | |
| šamnum i-na pa-ṭa-ri-šu ki-ma ka-ka-bi-im ṣú-ur-ru-uš | šamnum ina paṭarišu kīma kak(k)abim ṣurruš | Wenn das Öl, nachdem es sich aufgelöst hat, wie ein Stern verästelt ist: | If the oil, releasing itself, branches out like a star: | |
| ma-an-za-az mu-ši-im ù dNin-si4-an-na | manzāz mūšim u Ninsianna | Stellung der Nacht und der Ninsianna. | station of the night and of Ninsianna. | |
| šamnum šu-ul-ma-am id-di-ma a-na i-mi-it-ti šamnim is-ḫa-ra-am-ma i-mi-it-ti šamnim iṣ-ba-at | šamnum šūlmam iddi-ma ana imitti šamnim isḫaram-ma imitti šamnim iṣbat | Wenn das Öl eine Blase bildet und (diese) sich nach der rechten Seite des Öles hinwendet und die rechte Seite des Öles erfasst: | If the oil forms a bubble which then wanders to the right and adheres to the right side of the oil: | |
| na-ṣi-ir-ti na-ak-ri-ka uṣ-ṣi-kum | nāṣirtī nakrīka uṣṣikūm | das Geheimnis deines Feindes wird dir herauskommen (d.i. verraten werden). | the enemy's secret will come out to you (in broad daylight). | |
| šamnum šu-ul-ma-am id-di-ma a-na šu-me-el šamnim is-ḫu-ra-am-ma šu-me-el šamnim iṣ-ba-at | šamnum šūlmam iddi-ma ana šumēl šamnim isḫuramma šumēl šamnim iṣbat | Wenn das Öl eine Blase bildet und (diese) sich nach der linken Seite des Öles hinwendet und die linke Seite des Öles erfasst: | If the oil forms a bubble which then wanders to the left and adheres to the left side of the oil: | |
| wa-ši-ib ma-aḫ-ri-i-ka a-wa-ti-ka uš-te-né-eṣ-ṣi | wašib maḫrīka awātīka ušteneṣṣi | dein Vertrauter wird alle deine Angelegenheiten weitergeben. | He who lives with you will make your words come out (in full daylight). | |
| šamnum i-mi-tam ù šu-me-lan a-na ṣi-it dŠamṣimši-im ù e-re-eb dŠamṣimši-im ip-ṭù-ur | šamnum imit(t)am u šumēlan ana ṣīt Šamṣim u ereb Šamṣim ipṭur | Wenn das Öl sich nach rechts und nach links, nach Sonnenaufgang und nach Sonnenuntergang hin auflöst: | If the oil dissolves left or right, at sunrise or when the sun goes down: | |
| i-mi-it-ti a-wi-lim pi-a-am la ki-na-am i-da-ab-bu-ub | imitti awīlim pām lā kīnam idabbub | der beste Freund des Betreffenden wird Lüge(n) verbreiten. | the support (= trusted friend) of man will speak with an evil mouth (= will spread lies). | |
| šamnum šu-ul-ma-am id-di-ma e-li mi-ni-a-ti-šu ir-ta-bi ti-bu | šamnum šulmam iddi-ma eli minītišu irtabi tibu | Wenn das Öl eine Blase bildet und (diese) dann über ihr Mass gross wird: | If the oil forms a bubble and then it gets bigger beyond its measure: | |
| mu-ki-il re-eš le-mu-ut-tim a-na be-el šamnim lu-mu-un li-ib-bi | mukīl rēš lemuttim ana bēl šamnim lumun libbi | Erhebung; böser Genius; für den Ölspender: Kummer. | rebellion; the one who holds the head of evil (= an evil genius); for the lord of oil: heart disease. | |
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Appendix 8.2
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Pettinato |
gB |
|
| šamnum iṭ-bu i-ši-id ka-sí-im iṣ-ba-at-ma 1, 2, 3 ne-ke-me-tim | šamnum iṭbu išid kāsim iṣbat-ma 1, 2, 3 nēkemetim | Wenn das Öl sinkt, den Boden des Bechers erfasst und 1, 2, 3 nēkemtum hildet: | If the oil falls and adheres to the base Of the container, and then forms 1, 2, 3 shapeless masses: | |
| id-di-a-am mar-ṣum ūmūmu – šu i-ri-ku-ma i-ma-at | iddam marṣum ūmū – šu iriku-ma imāt | die Tage des Kranken werden viele (sein); dann wird (er) dennoch sterben. | the sick man's days will be many, but then he will die. | |
| šamnam a-na aš-ša-tim a-ḫa-zi-im te-ep-pe-eš 1 ša zikarim 1 <ša> sinništim a-ḫe ta-na-an-di-ma šum-ma it-te-em-mi-i-du | šamnam ana aššatim aḫazim teppeš 1 ša zikarim 1 <ša> sinništim aḫē tanaddi-ma šumma itemmidu | Machst du die Öl(wahrsagung) wegen einer Heirat: du giesst 1 (Öltropfen) für den Mann, 1 (Öltropfen) für die Fraujefür sich und wenn (die Öltropfen) sich immer wieder zusammenschliessen: | If you make a (divination with) oil about getting married: pour a little for the man, a little for the woman, together; if they come together again and again: | |
| ši-im-tum in-na-ḫa-zu | šīmtum innaḫazū | Orakelspruch: sie werden einander heiraten. | it's destiny! They will get married. | |
| šum-ma in-ne-em-du-ma ša zi-ka-ri-im ta-ri-ik | šumma innemdu-ma ša zikarim tarik | Wenn (die Öltropfen) sich zusammenschliessen und dann der des Mannes zerrissen ist: | If they combine but the man's is separated: | |
| zi-ka-ru-um i-ma-at | zikarum imāt | (Orakelspruch): der Mann wird sterben. | the man will die. | |
| šum-ma ša sí-in-ni-iš-ti-tim ta-ri-ik | šumma ša sinništim tarik | Wenn der der Frau zerrissen ist: | If the woman is separated: | |
| sí-ni5-iš-tum i-ma-at | sin(n)ištum imāt | (Orakelspruch): die Frau wird sterben. | the woman will die. | |
| šamnum a-na ša-ar er-be-et-ti-šu ip-ta-na-aṭ-ṭa-ar | šamnum ana šār erbettīšu iptanaṭṭar | Wenn das Öl sich nach den vier Himmelsrichtungen hin auflöst: | If the oil dissolves to the four winds: | |
| mar-ṣum i-ba-al-lu-uṭ ṣābḫi.a ḫarrānim iš-da-šu na-as-ḫa | marṣum iballuṭ ṣāb ḫarrānim išdašu nasḫa | der Kranke wird genesen; die Disziplin des Heeres auf dem Feldzuge ist verloren gegangen. | the sick will live; the foundations (= discipline) of the army on the march will dissipate. | |
| šamnum a-na pāni dŠamšim ip-ṭù-ur-ma šu-ul-ma-am it-ta-di-a-am | šamnum ana pāni Šamšim ipṭur-ma šulmam ittadim | Wenn das Öl sich zur Sonne hin auflöst und eine Blase bildet: | If the oil dissolves towards the face of the sun and then forms a bubble: | |
| a-na be-el šamnim šu-lum i-lim ki-nu-um | ana bēl šamnim šūlum ilim kinūm | für den Ölspender: die Huld (seines) (Schutz)gottes ist beständig. | for the lord of oil: reliable protection of (his) god. | |
| šamnum a-na i-mi-it-tim ip-ṭù-ur-ma šu-ul-ma-am id-di-a-am ù [i-n]a li-ib-bi um-ma-t[im! šu-ul-m]u <ú-ṣí-a-am> | šamnum ana imittim ipṭur-ma šulmam iddim u [in]a libbi ummat[im! šulm]u <uṣim> | Wenn das Öl sich nach rechts hin auflöst und eine Blase bildet und diese [Blas]e aus der Mass[e] <herauskommt>: | If the oil dissolves on the right, forms a bubble and a bubble comes out of the mass: | |
| mar-ṣum i-ma-at be-el šamnim ṣi-tam ú-še-eṣ-ṣí | marṣum imāt bēl šamnim ṣītam ušeṣṣi | der Kranke wird sterben; der Ölspender wird Verlust erleiden. | the sick person will die; the lord of oil will only see outputs (= leaks). | |
| šamnum a-na šu-me-lim ip-ṭù-ur-ma šu-ul-ma-am id-di-a-am ù i-na li-ib-bi um-ma-tim šu-ul-mu ú-ṣí-a-am | šamnum ana šumēlim ipṭur-ma šulmam iddim u ina libbi ummatim šulmu uṣim | Wenn das Öl sich nach links hin auflöst und eine Blase bildet und diese Blase aus der Masse herauskommt: | If the oil dissolves on the left and then forms a bubble and a bubble comes out of the mass: | |
| mar-ṣum mu-ru-us-sú i-na-an-di-šu be-el šamnim zi-it-tam ik-ka-al | marṣum murussú inaddišu bēl šamnim zittam ikkāl | der Kranke: seine Krankheit wird ihn niederwerfen; der Ölspender wird Gewinn haben. | the disease will bring down the sick; the lord of oil will profit. | |
| šamnum ša šu-me-lim ša i-mi-it-tim i-ki-im | šamnum ša šumēlim ša imittim īkim | Wenn das Öl links das Öl rechts absorbiert hat: | If the oil on the right absorbs the oil on the left: | |
| nakrum ša-al-la-su ú-še-eṣ-ṣi | nakrum šallasu ušeṣṣi | der Feind wird seine Beute mitnehmen. | the enemy will recover his spoils. | |
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Appendix 8.3
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Pettinato |
gB |
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(lines 19-20) |
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| (19) šamnum a-na pa-ni-šu ki-ib-ra-[am] (20) ir-ši-ma a-na warkim ir-ta-qí-ib | (19) šamnum ana pānišu kibra[am] (20) irši-ma ana warkīm irtaqib | Wenn das Öl vorn einen (festen) Rand hat und sich nach hinten verläuft: | When the oil has a well-marked edge in front but is jagged at the back: | |
(line 21) |
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| i-ša-tum bīt a-bi-šu u-da-na-nu i-g[a-mar] | išātum bīt abišu udananu ig[amar] | Feuer; man wird das Haus seines Vaters stark machen, er aber wird es verg[euden]. | a fire! Your father's house will be destroyed, it will be rebuilt. | |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 9: References to prophetic episodes
|
Sources: Akkadian text and French translation (columns 2, 4): ARM 10 = Dossin 1967 Correspondance = Dossin, Georges 1967, La correspondance féminine, Archives royales de Mari 10, Paris: Librairie orientaliste P. Geuthne. Akkadian text and French translation (columns 2, 4): Dossin 1978 Correspondance = Dossin, Georges and Finet, Andre 1978, La correspondance féminine transcrite et traduite, Archives royales de Mari 10, Paris: Librairie orientaliste P. Geuthner. French translation (more recent): ARM 26 = Durand 1988 Archives = Durand, Jean-Marie 1988, Archives épistolaires de Mari, I/1, Archives royales de Mari 26, Paris: Éditions recherches sur les civilisations, pp. 421-452. Akkadian text and English translation (more recent edition of the text): WAW 12 = Nissinen 2003 Prophets = Nissinen, Martti 2003, Prophets and Prophecy in the Ancient Near East, Writings from the Ancient World 12, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature Press. |
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Appendix 9.1
(syllabic transcription) ARM (1967) |
ARM (1967) |
gB |
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| 1 | a-na be-lí-ia (2) qí-bí-ma (3) um-ma fši-ib-tu | ana bēlija (2) qibīma (3) umma Šibtu | (2) Dis (1)à mon Maître: (3) ainsi (parle) Šibtu, | (2)Say (1) unto my lord, (3) thus saith Shibtu thy servant, |
| 4 | geme2-ka-a-ma é-kál-lum ša-lim | amtukama ēkallum šalim | ta servante. Le palais va bien. | the palace is in good order. |
| 5 | i-na é an-nu-ni-tim u4 3-kam (6) Iše-le-{BU}-bu-um | ina bīt Annunītim ūmum šalāšium (6) Šēlebum | Dans le temple d'Annunîtu, le 3, (6) Šêlebum | In the temple of Annunitum, (6) Shelebum |
| 7 | im-ma-hu um-ma an-nu-ni-tum-ma | immaḫu umma Annunītumma | a vaticiné: «Ainsi (parle) Annunîtum: | went into a trance on the third day (of the month). "This is what Annunitum says: |
| 8 | Izi-im-ri-li-im (9) i-na ba-ar-tim (10) i-la-at-ta-ku-ka | Zimri-Lim (9) ina bārtim (10) ilattakuka | "Zimri-Lim (10) on va t'éprouve (9) par le moyen d'une rébellion. | (10) They are going to ensnare you (9) with a conspiracy! |
| 11 | pa-ga-ar-ka ú-ṣú-ur | pagārka uṣur | Protège-toi! | Protect your person! |
| 12 | ìr-meš <li>-ib-bi-ka (13) ša ta-ra-am-mu (14) i-ta-ti-k[a] (15) šu-ku-un | aradā libbika (13) ša tarammu (14) itātik[a] (15) šukun | des serviteurs selon ton coeur! (13) que tu aimes, (14) à tes côtés (15) place | (14) Put (12) your best servants at your side, (13) who are loyal to you. |
| 16 | šu-zi-is-sú-nu-ti-ma (17) li-iṣ-ṣú-ru-k[a] | šuzissūnūti-ma (17) liṣṣurūk[a] | et fais se tenir (17) pour qu'ils te protègent! | Let them stay in place (17) so they can protect you. |
| 18 | a-na ra-ma-ni-k[a-ma] (19) la ta-at-ta-na-a[l-la-a]k | ana ramānik[a-ma] (19) lā tattana[lla]k | (19)Ne te'en va pas (18) tout seul. | (19) Don't ever go out (18) on your own. |
| 20 | ù lú-meš ša i-la-a[t-ta-ku-k]a | u awīlūm ša ila[ttakuk]a | Et les gens qui chercheront à t'éprouve, | And the men who will set a trap – |
| 21 | a-na qa-ti-ka a-[wi-limeš] šu-nu-ti (22) ú-ma-al-[la-am] | ana qātika a[wī-līm] šunūti (22) umal[lam] | (22) j'emplirai (21) ta main de ces hommes». | (22) I will deliver (21) those men into your hands." |
| 23 | i-na-an-na a-[nu-um-ma] | inanna a[numma] | Maintenant, | Now |
| 24 | ša-a[r]-ta-[am ù sí-sí-ik-tam] | šā[r]t[am u sis(s)iktam] | la mèche de cheveux et la cordelette | a lock of hair and a flap of the cape |
| 25 | ša as-sí-[in-nim] | ša assi[nnim] | de l'assinnum | of (Shelebum), the inverted, |
| 26 | a-na ṣ[e-er be-lí-ia] | ana ṣ[ēr bēlija] | chez mon Seigneur | to the attention of my lord |
| 27 | ú-ša-bi-[lam] | ušabi[lam] | j'ai fait porter. | I send. |
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Appendix 9.2
(syllabic transcription) ARM (1967) |
ARM (1978) |
gB |
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| 1 | a-na be-lí-ia | ana belija | À mon Seigneur | (2) Tell (1) my lord, |
| 2 | qí-bí-ma (3) um-ma fši-ib-tu (4) geme2-ka-a-ma (5) i-na é an-nu-ni-tim ša li-ib-bi a-lim | qibīma (3) umma Šibtu (4) amtuka-ma (5) ina bīt Annunītim ša libbi ālim | dis: (3) ainsi (parle) Šibtu, (4) ta servante. (5) Dans le temple d'Annunîtu intra muros, | (3) so says Shibtu, (4) your servant: (5) in the temple of Annunitum which is inside the city, |
| 6 | Ifa-ha-tum munus-tur dda-gan-ma-lik (7) im-ma-hi-ma ki-a-am iq-bi | Ahātum ṣeḫeret Dagan-Malik (7) immaḫima kīam iqbi | Ahâtum, servante de Dagan-Malik (7) a vaticiné et a dit ceci: | Ahatum, Dagan-Malik's servant, (7) went into a trance and spoke in these terms: |
| 8 | um-ma-mi zi-im-ri-li-im | ummāmi Zimri-Lim | «Zimri-Lim, | "Here, Zimri-Lim! |
| 9 | ù šum-ma at-ta mi-ša-ta-an-ni (10) a-na-ku e-li-ka (11) a-ha-ab-bu-uṣ4 | u šumma attā mišatānni (10) anāku elika (11) aḫabbuṣ | même si tu me négliges, (10) moi-même pour ton compte, (11) je massacrerait! | Although you are remiss towards me, (10) I am well disposed towards you. |
| 12 | na-ak-ri-ka (13) a-na qa-ti-ka (14) ú-ma-al-la | nakrīka (13) ana qātika (14) umalla | De tes ennemies (13) à ta main (14) je donnerai plein mesure. | (14) I will put (12) your enemies (13) in your hands, |
| 15 | ù lú-meš šar-ra-qí-ia (16) a-ṣa-ab-ba-at-ma | u awīlī šarrāqija (16) aṣabbat-ma | Et mes voleurs, (16) je m'en saisirai. | and those who steal from me, (16) I will seize them |
| 17 | a-na ka-ra-aš dnin-é-kál-lim (18) a-ka-am-mi-is-sú-nu-ti | ana karāš Bēlet-Ekallim (18) akammissunūti | Au Camp de Bêlet-Ekallim, (18) je les rassemblerai!» | (18) and then deliver them (17) to catastrophe, (in the hands of) Belet-ekallim". |
| 19 | i-na ša-ni-i-im u4-mi-im (20) Ia-hu-um lú-sanga ṭe4-ma-am | ina šanīm ūmīm (20) Aḫum mullilum ṭēmam | Le lendemain, (20) Ahum, le Grand-Prêtre, nouvelle | The next day, (20) the priest Ahum this account, |
| 21 | an-né-e-em šar-ta-am (22) ù sí-is-sí-ik-tam | annēm šārtam (22) u sis(s)iktam | cette, la mèche de cheveux (22) et la cordelette | (with) the lock of hair (22) and the flap of his cloak, |
| 23 | ub-la-am-ma a-na be-lí-ia | ublam-ma ana belija | m'a apporté. À mon Seigneur | brought me, and so now to my lord. |
| 24 | aš-pu-ra-am šar-ta-am (25) ù s[í-i]s-sí-ik-tam (26) ak-nu-ka-am-ma | ašpuram šārtam (25) u s[i]s(s)iktam (26) aknukam-ma | j'ai écris; (25) et la cordelette (26) et j'ai mis sous scellés | I have written. (26) I sealed (25) the lock of hair and the flap of the cloak |
| 27 | a-na ṣe-er be-lí-ia (28) úš-ta-bi-lam | ana ṣēr bēlija (28) uštabilam | chez mon Seigneur (28) je viens de (les) faire porter. | (28) so that I could send them (27) to my lord. |
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Appendix 9.3
(syllabic transcription) ARM (1967) |
ARM (1978) |
gB |
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| 1 | a-na ka-ak-ka-bi (2) qí-bí-ma (3) um-ma [f]i-ni-ib-ši-na-ma | ana kakkabi (2) qibīma (3) umma Inibšina-ma | À Mon-Etoile (2) dis: (3) ainsi (parle) Inib-šina. | (2) Say (1) to Kaabi ("my star"): (3) so says Inib-shina: |
| 4 | Ifin-ni-ba-na a-pí-il-tum (5) it-bi-ma ki-a-am id-bu-[u]b | Innibana āpiltum (5) itbi-ma kīam idb[u]b | Dame Innibana, la répondante, (5) s'est dressée et elle a ainsi dit: | Innibana, the prophetess, (5) stood up and spoke thus: |
| 6 | um-ma-a-mi zi-im-r[i]-li-im | ummāmi Zimr[i]lim | «Zimri-Lim, | "Here, (about) Zimri-Lim! |
| 7 | a-di* ša-ar-ra-qé-{A IA BI}-šu* (8) [ù] a-ia-bé-šu ù ša i-ta-ti-šu | adi* šarrāqēšu* (8) [u] ajābēšu u ša itātīšu | tant que ses voleurs, (8) ses ennemies et / rôdent à ses frontières | As long as those who steal from him (8) and are enemies / can circulate (freely) near him |
| 9 | [i]sà-ah-hu-ru (10) [o o o o o]-šu? (11) [o o o o o] (12) [o o o] x x | [i]saḫḫurū (10) [o o o o o]-šu? (11) [o o o o o] (12) [o o o] x x | ceux qui (10) [Lacune] (11) [Lacune] (12) [Lacune] | [...] |
| 13 | [la it]-ta-al-l[a-a]k (14) [o-o la] i-ša-am-ma (15) la i-š[a]-ak-ka-an | [lā it]tall[a]k (14) [o-o lā] išam-ma (15) lā iš[a]kkan | il ne doit pas partir, (14) ni acheter du ...... (15) et le stocker. | He must not go (elsewhere), (14) nor buy (goods) (15) nor set them aside. |
| 16 | a-nu-um-ma ša-ar-ti (17) ù sí-sí-ik-ti ad-di-na-ki-im | anumma šārti (17) u s[i]s(s)ikti addinakim | Maintenant, (17) je t'ai donné ma mèche de cheveux et ma cordelette. | Behold, (17) I have given you my lock of hair and my flap of cloak, |
| 18 | li-za-ak-ku-ú (19) i-na-an-na a-nu-um-ma | lizakkū (19) inanna anumma | On doit faire le sacrifice de purification». (19) Maintenant, | (that) they may be purified (= verified). |
| 20 | ša-ar-tam ù sí-sí-ik-tam (21) a-na ka-ak-ka-bi ú-ša-bi-lam | šārtam sis(s)iktam (21) ana kakkabi ušabilam | la mèche de cheveux et la cordelette (21) j'ai envoyé à Mon-Etoile. | (21) I have sent (20) the lock of hair and the flap of the cloak (21) to Kakkabi: |
| 22 | Ik[a]-ak-ka-bi te-er-tam (23) [li-še]-pí-iš-ma a-na zi-im | k[a]kkabi tērtam (23) [liše]piš-ma ana zīm | Mon-Etoile (23) doit faire une prise de présage et, selon | Kakkabi must (23) have an oracular rite done so that |
| 24 | te-re-ti-šu ka-ak-ka-bi | tēretīšu kakkabi | les présages qu'il aura obtenus, Mon-Etoile | Kakkabi may act in consequence of the rites of this case. |
| 25 | l[i]-pu-úš Ika-ak-ka-b[i] | l[ī]puš kakkab[i] | doit agir. Mon-Etoile | May Kakkabi |
| 26 | pa-ga-ar-šu li-iṣ-ṣú-ur | pagaršu līṣṣur | doit veiller sur lui-même. | protect his person! |
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Appendix 10: Theophanic dreams
|
Sources: Appendices 10.1-2 Akkadian text and French translation (columns 2, 4): ARM 10 = Dossin 1967 Correspondance = Dossin, Georges 1967, La correspondance féminine, Archives royales de Mari 10, Paris: Librairie orientaliste P. Geuthne. Akkadian text and French translation (columns 2, 4): Dossin 1978 Correspondance = Dossin, Georges and Finet, Andre 1978, La correspondance féminine transcrite et traduite, Archives royales de Mari 10, Paris: Librairie orientaliste P. Geuthner. French translation (more recent): ARM 26 = Durand 1988 Archives = Durand, Jean-Marie 1988, Archives épistolaires de Mari, I/1, Archives royales de Mari 26, Paris: Éditions recherches sur les civilisations, pp. 421-452. Akkadian text and English translation (more recent edition of the text): WAW 12 = Nissinen 2003 Prophets = Nissinen, Martti 2003, Prophets and Prophecy in the Ancient Near East, Writings from the Ancient World 12, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature Press. Appendices 10.3-6 Pictures: Oppenheim 1956 Dreams = Oppenheim, A. Leo 1956, "The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East. With a Translation of an Assyrian Dream-Book", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 46/3, pp. 355-373. Autograph: Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 1861-1884, The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. 5, London: R.E. Bowler. Akkadian text (column 1): see references under each text's heading. English translation (column 3): Oppenheim 1956 Dreams = Oppenheim, A. Leo 1956, "The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East. With a Translation of an Assyrian Dream-Book", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 46/3, pp. 179-373. |
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Appendix 10.1
(syllabic transcription) ARM (1967) |
ARM (1967) |
gB |
||
| 1 | a-na be-lí-ia | ana bēlija | À mon Seigneur | (2)Tell (1) my lord, |
| 2 | qí-bí-ma (3) um-ma fzu*-na-ma geme2-ka-a-ma (4) i-nu-ma ina ga-ni-ba-ti-imki úš-bu (5) fki*-tum*-ši*-im*-hi-ia a-na ru-ub-bé-en aš-pu-ur-ma | qibīma (3) umma Zūnana-ma amtuka-ma (4) inūma ina Ganibūtim ušbu (5) Kittum-šimḫiya ana Rubbūn ašpur-ma | dis: (3) ainsi (parle) Zûnana, ta servante. (4) Lorsque j'ai résidé à Ganibûtum, (5) j'avais envoyé Kittum-šimhiya à Rubbûn. | (3) so says Zunana, your servant. (4) When I was staying in Ganibatum, (5) I sent Kittum-shimhiya to Rubben. |
| 6 | i-na a-la-ki-ša it-ba-lu-ši | ina alākīša itbaluši | Alors qu'elle faisait le déplacement, on l'a enlevée. | On the way there, they kidnapped her. |
| 7 | ù dd[a-ga]an ki-a-am iq-bé-em um-[m]a šu-[m]a | u D[aga]n kīam iqbēm um[m]a šu[m]a | Alors, j'ai vu pendant mon sommeil Dagan, ton Seigneur, | and Dagan, your lord, appeared to me in a dream |
| 8 | ma-am-ma-an ú-ul il-pu-ta-an-ni | mamman ul ilputanni [sic] | sans qu'on me fasse le rite du liptum. | without anyone touching me (= without an incubation ritual). |
| 9 | d[d]a-gan ki-a-am iq-bé-em um-[m]a šu-[m]a | [D]agan kīam iqbēm um[m]a šu[m]a | Dagan m'a tenu ces propos: | Dagan told me the following: |
| 10 | pa-nu-ki e-li-iš ša-[a]p-[l]i-iš | pānuki eliš š[a]p[l]iš | «Es-tu gaie ou triste?». | "Is your face upwards or downwards?" (= are you happy or sad?) |
| 11 | um-ma a-na-ku-ma ša-[a]p-[l]i-iš-[ma] (12) al-li-ka-am-ma (13) munus-tur-ti ú-ul a-mu-[u]r | umma anāku-ma š[a]p[l]iš[-ma] (12) allikam-ma (13) ṣeḫerti ul am[u]r | J'ai répondu: «Triste! (12) J'ai eu beau faire le voyage, (13) je n'ai pas vu ma servante. | And I in turn: "Downwards! (12) Because I went (13) but I could not find my servant. |
| 14 | i-nu-ma a-na an-da-ri-igki (15) be-lí il-li-ku | inūma ana Andarig (15) bēlī illiku | Lorsque à Andarig (15) mon Seigneur est allé, | When (15) my lord went (14) to Andariq, |
| 16 | zi-im-zi-mu ša munus-tur-ti-ia (17) it-ti sa-am-me-e-tar (18) i-le-em-ma | zimzimu ša ṣeḫertija (17) itti Sammētar (18) ilēmma | (un envoi d')échalotes de ma servante (17) de chez Sammêtar (18) m'étant arrivé, | a figure just like my servant's (18) appeared (17) at Sammetar, |
| 19 | al-li-ik-šu-um-ma a-an-na-am i-pu-la-a[n-ni] | allikšum-ma annām ipula[nni] | je suis allé le voir et il m'a répondu oui. | so I went to him, and he (first) said yes (that is, that my servant was there) |
| 20 | i-tu-úr-ma ib-ba-al-ki-ta-an-ni-ma (21) munus-tur-ti ú-ul [i]d-di-na-am | itūr-ma ibbalkitanni-ma (21) ṣeḫerti ul [i]ddinam | Puis il est revenu sur son accord et (21) il ne m'a pas donné ma servante». | but then he changed his mind and (21 )did not give me my servant." |
| 22 | dda-gan ki-a-[a]m iq-bé-em um-ma šu-ma | Dagan kī[a]m iqbēm umma šuma | Dagan m'a ainsi dit: | Dagan in turn spoke again: |
| 23 | adi it-ti zi-im-ri-li-im munus-tur-ta-ki (25) ú-ul ú-[w]a-aš-ša-ra-[ki]-iš | adi itti Zimri-Lim ṣeḫertaki (25) ul u[w]aššara[k]iš | «Tant qu' (25) il n'aura pas fait sortir (23) sur intervention de Zimri-Lim ta servante, | "Until he brings your servant out (23) to Zimri-Lim, |
| 24 | la ú-še-ṣé-em ma-am-ma-an | lā ušeṣem mamman | nul (25) ne te la libèrera». | no one will let her return free." |
| 26 | i-na-an-na ki-ma qí*-IB-it* dda-gan | inanna kīma qi*bīt* Dagan | Maintenant, selon l'ordre de Dagan, | Now then, according to Dagan's command, |
| 27 | munus-tur-ti be-lí la i-ka-al-la | ṣeḫerti belī lā ikalla | mon Seigneur ne doit pas garder ma servante. | that my lord will not detain my servant! |
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Appendix 10.2
(syllabic transcription) ARM (1967) |
ARM (1967) |
gB |
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| 1 | a-na be-lí-ia qí-bí-ma (2) um-ma fdIM-du-ri geme2-ka-a-ma | ana bēlija qibīma (2) umma Addū-durī amtuka-ma | Dis à mon Seigneur: (2) ainsi (parle) Addû-durî, ta servante. | Tell my lord: (2) so says Addu-duri, your servant |
| 3 | ištu šu-lu-um é a-bi-ka (4) ma-ti-ma šu-tam an-ni-tam | ištu šulūm bīt abika (4) matīma šutam annītam | Depuis la ruine de ta famille, (4) j'amais un tel rêve | Since (the time of) your family's ruin (4) I have never |
| 5 | ú-ul a-mu-ur it-ta-tu-{TU}-ia (6) ša pa-na-nu-um (7) [an]-ni-it-ta-an | ul amur ittātūja (6) ša pānum (7) [an]nītan | je n'avais vu. Les signes que j'avais (6) auparavant (7) étaient tels. | had (4) such a dream. My premonitory signs (6) at the time (7) were these: |
| 8 | i-na šu-ut-ti-ia a-na é dnin é-kál-lim (9) e*-ru-ub-ma dnin é-kál-lim | ina šutija ana bīt Bēlet-Ekallim (9) e*rub-ma Bēlet-Ekallim | Dans mon rêve, au temple de Bêlet-Ekallim (9) j'entrais. Bêlet-Ekallim | In my dream, (9) I entered (8) the temple of Belet-ekallim (9) but Belet-ekallim was not present, |
| 10 | ú-ul wa-aš-ba-at ù alam-há (11) ša ma-ah-ri-ša ú-ul i-ba-šu-ú | ul wašbat u laḫamū(?) (11) ša maḫriša ul ibašū | ne siégeait plus et les statues (11) qui sont devant elles n'(y) étaient plus. | nor were the statues (11) there in front of it. |
| 12 | ù a-mu-ur-ma ar-ṭú-up ba-ka-a-am | u amur-ma arṭup bakām | Alors, (ce que) voyant, je me mis à pleurer. | When I saw this, I cried. |
| 13 | šu-ut-ti an-ni-tum ša ba-ra-ar-tim | šutī annītum ša barartim | Ce rêve de moi était de la prèmiere veille. | This dream was in the early hours of the evening. |
| 14 | a-tu-ur-ma da-da lú-sanga (15) [š]a eš4-tár bi-iš7-ra (16) [i]-na ká dnin é-kál-lim | atur-ma Dādā šangūm (15) [š]a Eštar Bišra (16) [i]na bāb Bēlet-Ekallim | Derechef, Dâdâ, le Grand-Prêtre (15) d'Eštar Bisréenne (16) à la porte de Bêlet-Ekallim [s. 17 infra, "se tenait"] (et une voix désagréable) | (And now) again (I dreamed), and there Dada, the priest (15) of Ishtar of Bishra, (17) stands (16) at the entrance of Belet-ekallim |
| 17 | iz-za-az-ma pí-ú na-ak-rum (18) [ki]-a-am iš-ta-na-ás-si | izzaz-ma pīu nakrum (18) [kī]am ištanassi | se tenait (18) ne cessait de crier ainsi: | (18) and a painful voice screamed all the time: |
| 19 | um-ma-mi t[u-r]a dd[a-g]an (20) tu-ra dd[a-g]an ki-a-am (21) iš-ta-na-ás-si ša-ni-tam | ummāmi t[ur]a D[ag]an (20) tura D[ag]an kīam (21) ištanassi šanītam | «Reviens-moi, Dagan! (20) Reviens-moi, Dagan!». Voilà (21) ce qu'à plusieurs reprises elle criait. Autre chose: | "Come, O Dagan! (20) Come, O Dagan!" (21) [...] And another thing: |
| 22 | fmu-uh-hu-tum i-na é an-nu-ni-tim (23) [i]t-bé-e-ma um-ma-mi zi-im-ri-li-im (24) a-na kaskal-a la ta-al-la-ak | muḫḫūtum ina bīt Annunītim (23) [i]tbema ummāmi Zimri-Lim (24) ana gerra lā tallak | une extatique dans le temple d'Annunîtum (23) s'est dressée, disant: «Ô Zimri-Lim, (24) ne pars pas en campagne! | A woman (23) went into a trance (22) in the temple of Annunitum, (23) and (she expressed herself) as follows: "O Zimri-Lim, (24) don't go on the expedition! |
| 25 | i-na ma-riki ši-ib-ma | ina Mari šibma | Reste à Mari! | Remain in Mari!" |
| 26 | ù a-na-ku-ma a-ta-na-ap-pa-al | u anākuma atanappal | Alors, moi, je ne cesserai de répondre». | And for my part I will continue to be the interlocutor (with the god in a dream). |
| 28* | be-lí a-ah-šu la i-na-ad-di (27*) ù a-na pa-ga-ri-šu na-ṣa-ri-im | belī aḫšu lā inaddi (27*) u ana pagarišu naṣarim | Mon Seigneur ne doit pas montrer de négligence (27*) pour sa protection personelle. | That my lord may not be negligent (27*) with regard to his self-protection! |
| 31 | a*-[na-ku] ak-nu-ka-am-ma (33) ú-ša-bi-lam (32) a-na ṣe-er be-lí-ia | a*-[nāku] aknukam-ma (33) ušabilam (32) ana ṣēr bēlija | [to be read after 29-30, infra] je les ai, personnellement, mises sous scellés et (33) je (les) ai envoyée(s) (32) chez mon Seigneur. | With this I have sealed (33) and sent (32) to my lord |
| 29 | a-nu-um-m[a] ša-ar-ti (30) ù sí-[s]í-ik-ti | anumm[a] šārti (30) u si[s](s)ikti | Présentement, ma mèche de cheveux (30) et ma cordelette, | my lock of hair (30) and the flap of my cloak. |
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Appendix 10.3
Aššurbanipal, V (= Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 1861-1884), R 3, V: p. 1, ll. 95-104; cf. Oppenheim 1956 Dreams = Oppenheim, A. Leo 1956, pp. 355-373. | |||
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
|
| / | / | Aššur, the god who created me, let Gyges, king of Lydia, a region beyond the sea, a distant country the name of which my royal predecessors had not (even) heard, see in a dream the "pronunciation" (nibittu) of my name (variant: of my important kingdom) (saying, that is, the god): "Lay hold of the feet of Aššurbanipal, king of Assyria, and you will conquer (then) your enemies through the mention (only) of his name!" The (very) day he had this dream, he sent his mounted (messenger) to inquire after the state of my health. Through his messenger he reported to me (his dream). (And) from the day he laid hold of my royal feet he conquered the Cimmerians who had been harassing the inhabitants of his country. | Assur, the god who created me, showed a dream to Gyges, king of Lydia, a region beyond the sea and so remote that my ancestors had not even heard the name. Saying my name, (Assur) said: "Stand at the feet of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria, and you can conquer your enemies even by just mentioning his name!" That same day he had the dream, (Gyges) sent a messenger to ask about my welfare, and he told me about his dream. After that day when he placed himself at my feet he managed to conquer the Cimmerians who had plundered his territory. |
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Appendix 10.4
Aššurbanipal, V (= Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 1861-1884), R 3, V: p. 1, ll. 95-104; cf. Oppenheim 1956 Dreams = Oppenheim, A. Leo 1956, pp. 355-373. | |||
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
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| / | / | The army saw the river Ididߴe (which was at that moment) a raging torrent, and was afraid of the crossing. (But) the goddess Ishtar who dwells in Arbela let my army have a dream in the midst of the night (ina šât GE8) (addressing them) as follows: "I shall go in front of Aššurbanipal, the king whom I have created myself!" The army relied upon this dream and crossed safely the river Ididߴe. | The army saw that the Idid'e River was in flood, and there was a panicked fear that prevented them from crossing over. Then the goddess Ishtar of Arbela showed a dream to my army at night. In which she said: "I will go before Assurbanipal, the king I created myself!" The army put their faith in the dream. And crossed the Idid'e River without any problems. |
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Appendix 10.5
Aššurbanipal, V (= Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A = Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 1861-1884), R 64, I: p. 1, ll. 13-55; cf. Oppenheim 1956 Dreams = Oppenheim, A. Leo 1956, pp. 355-373. | |||
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
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| / | / | During my lawful rule, the great Lords became reconciled with this town and (its) temple out of love for my kingship; they had mercy (upon the town) and they let me see a dream in the very first year of my everlasting rule: Marduk, the Great Lord, and Sin, the luminary of heaven and earth, stood (there) both; Marduk said to me: "Nabonidus, king of Babylon, bring bricks on your own chariot (drawn by your own) horse, (re)build the temple É.ḪÚL.ḪÚL and let Sin, the Great Lord, take up his dwelling there!" I said to the Ellil of the gods, Marduk: "The Umman-manda (here for: the Medes) are laying siege to the very temple which you have ordered (me) to (re)build and their armed might is very great!" But Marduk said to me: "The Umman-manda of whom you spoke, they, their country and (all) the kings, their allies, shall cease to exist!" (And indeed) when the third year came to pass, he (Marduk) made rise against them Cyrus, king of Anshan, his young servant, and he (Cyrus) scattered the numerous Umman-manda with his small army and captured Astyages, king of the Umman-manda and brought him in fetters into his (Cyrus') land. That was the doing of the Great Lord Marduk whose command cannot be changed. | When my reign began in full legitimacy, the great gods were reconciled, for their love of me, with this city (Harran) and its temple. In their mercy, they showed me a dream in the first year of my everlasting reign. My great lord Marduk and Sin, the moon-god who illuminates heaven and earth, were standing, and Marduk said to me: "O Nabonidus, king of Babylon, bring some bricks with your chariot and horses to rebuild the temple of Sin who will come to live there." And I told Marduk, the Enlil (= the supreme god) of the gods: "The Umman-manda are beseiging the very temple you ordered me to rebuild. And their army is very large!" But Marduk told me: "The Umman-manda you speak of, will cease to exist together with their country, their kings, their allies!" In the third year, (Marduk) brought out against them Cyrus, king of Anshan, his servant, and with his small army he scattered a large number of the Umman-manda. And captured Astuiage, king of the Umman-manda. And took him as a prisoner to his country. |
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Appendix 10.6
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
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| / | / | With regard to the conjunction of the Great Star and the moon, I became apprehensive (but in a dream) a man (1-en eṭ-lu) stood (suddenly) beside me and said to me: "There are no evil portents (involved) in the conjunction!" In the same dream, Nebukadnezzar, my royal predecessor and one attendant (appeared to me) standing on a chariot. The attendant said to Nebukadnezzar: "Do speak to Nabonidus so that he can report to you the dream he has had!" Nebukadnezzar was agreeable (literally: listened to him) and said to me: "Tell me what good (signs) you have seen!" I answered him saying: "In my dream I saw with joy the Great Star, the moon and the planet Jupiter (literally: Marduk) high up in the sky and it (the Great Star) called me by my name [ ]." | I was intimidated by the conjunction of the great star and the moon, but a man stood (he appeared to me in a dream) and said to me: "There are no evil omens in this conjunction." In the same dream, appeared to me Nebuchadnezzar, my predecessor king, and one of his attendants, standing on a chariot, and the steward said to Nebuchadnezzar: "Talk to Nabonido so he can tell you the dream he had." Nebuchadnezzar listened to him and said to me, "Tell me what signs you saw". And I said: "In my dream I saw with joy the great star and the planet Jupiter high in the sky, and the big star called my name [...]. |
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Appendix 11: Epiphanic dreams
|
Sources: Autograph: Ebeling 1923 Keilschrifttexte = Ebeling, Erich 1923, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalt, II, Leipzig: Hinrichs; Scheil 1913 Memoires = Scheil, Jean Vincent 1913, Mémoires de la mission archéologique de Susiane, Vol. 14, Paris: Leroux. Akkadian text (columns 2, ad comparandum): Scheil 1913 Memoires = Scheil, Jean Vincent 1913, Mémoires de la mission archéologique de Susiane, Vol. 14, Paris: Leroux. Akkadian text and English translation (columns 2-3 and 4): Oppenheim 1956 Dreams = Oppenheim, A. Leo 1956, "The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East. With a Translation of an Assyrian Dream-Book", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 46/3, pp. 179-373. |
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Appendix 11.1
(syllabic transcription) Scheil |
Scheil |
Oppenheim |
gB |
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| 12 | 𒁹 awilu ŠE-RU itti zu-ni-šu na-si-ma u-na-aš-sa-aq (13) awilu šu še-am u kaspam iraš-si | šumma awīlu Šedām(?) itti zūnišu nasī-ma unaššaq (13) awīlu šū šeߴam u kaspam irašši | Si un homme porte un rameau sur son sein et le baise, (13) cet homme possèdera blé et argent; | If a man carries a sprout in his lap and kisses (it) repeatedly: (13) this man will acquire barley and silver. | If a man carries a bud in his lap and kisses it repeatedly, (13) this man will take barley and silver. |
| 13 | ûm ištu zu-ni-šu (14) it-ta-zi ma-li ir-šu-u iḥal-aq | ūm ištu zūnišu (14) ittazi malī iršū iḫallaq | le jour où de son sein (14) ce rameau s'en ira, tout ce qu'il possède périra. | But if (written: UD) (14) it grows (13) out of his lap: (14) whatever he owns will be lost. | If instead (14) it comes (13) out of his womb, (14) he'll lose everything he owns. |
| 18 | 𒁹 awilu mu-šá-ar-šu arkû IN-RI (= iltu) lâ iraš-si | šumma awīlu mūšaršu arkū iltu lā irašši | Si un homme, son jardin est grand, il n'aura pas de paille. | If the penis of a man is long: he will have no r[iv]al. | If a man's penis is long, he will be unrivalled. |
| 19 | 𒁹 awilu eli mi-na-ti-ša arkû ṣabê qa-tu-u (20) ma-li ir-šu-u iḥalaq | šumma awīlu eli minātiša arkū ṣabē qātū (20) malī iršū iḫallaq | Si un homme, son jardin est démesurément grand, les soldats l'anéantiront (20) et tous ce qu'il a, périra. | If <the penis of> the man is abnormally long: whatever he owns will be lost. | If it is extraordinarily long, he'll lose everything he owns. |
| 20 | 𒁹 awilu mu-šar-šu u-na-aš-ša-aq (21) ša i-qa-ab-bu-i-im-ma akalu mi-im-ma šá iḥ-si-ḥu (22) ul i-kal-lu-šu | šumma awīlu mūšaršu unaššaq (21) ša iqabbim-ma akālu mimma ša iḫḫu (22) ul ikallušu | Si un homme baise son jardin, (21) tout ce qu'il demande, à manger tout ce qu'il désire, (22) on ne l'en privera pas. | If a man kisses his penis: (21) whatever he orders will be obeyed; (22) nothing he desires one will withhold. | If a man kisses his penis: (21) in all that he orders he shall be obeyed; (22) he shall not be denied anything he desires. |
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Appendix 11.2
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
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| 1 | DIŠ NA ina MÁŠ.GE6.-šú GIŠ.IG DÙ-uš (2) mu-kil SAL.ḪUL SI.SÁ | šumma awīlum ina šuttišu bābam ippuš (2) mukīl rēš lemuttim iššir | If a man in his dream makes a door: the "evil-demon" will head (for him). | If a man makes a door in his dream, the evil demon will meet him. |
| 2 | DIŠ NA GIŠ.GU.ZA DÙ-uš mu-kil SAL.ḪUL SI.SÁ | šumma awīlum kussām ippuš mukīl rēš lemuttim iššir | If he makes a chair: the "evil-demon" will head (for him). | If he makes a chair, the evil demon will meet him. |
| 3 | DIŠ GIŠ.NA DÙ-uš mu-kil SAL.ḪUL SI.SÁ | šumma nēmattam ippuš mukīl rēš lemuttim iššir | If he makes a bed: the "evil-demon" will head (for him). | If he makes a table, the evil demon will meet him. |
| 8 [9] | DIŠ LÚ.AŠGAB-ta DÙ-uš NÍG.TUK i-la-ap-pi-in | šumma aškāpūta ippuš šarūm ilappin | If he does the work of a leather-worker: (his) riches will vanish (lit.: become poor). | If he does a leatherworker's job, what he owns will disappear. |
| 10 [11] | DIŠ BUR.GUL-tam DÙ-uš DUMU-šú BA.UG6 | šumma purkullūtam ippuš mārušu imāt | If he does the work of a purkullu-seal-cutter: his son will die. | If he does the job of a seal-carver, his son will die. |
| 15 | DIŠ NAGAR-tam DÙ-uš di-li-iḫ lìb-bi/ḪUL-šúTAG4-šú | šumma nagārūtam ippuš diliḫ libbi/mākālšu lapātūšu | If he does the work of a carpenter: confusion of soul, decrease is in store for him. | If he does a carpenter's work, confusion of spirit, there are losses. |
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Appendix 11.3
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
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| x+3 | [DIŠ UZU UR.Z]ÍR KÚ ti-bu-um NU KUR ÁŠ | [šumma šīr kal]bim ikkal tībum ṣibūtam lā inappuḫ | If he eats the meat of a [do]g: rebellion, not obtaining of (his) desire. | If (a man in his dream) eats the flesh of a dog: rebellion, he won't get what he wants. |
| x+10 | DIŠ UZU UGU.[DUL].BI KÚ KUR-ti ŠU TUK-ši | šumma šīr uq[ū]pi ikkal kišitti qāti iši | If he eats the meat of a mo[nk]ey: he will make acquisitions by force. | If he eats the flesh of a monkey, he will take possession of things with force. |
| x+11 | DIŠ UZU ZU KÚ ŠAG4.BI DUÙ.GA | šumma šīr idi ikkal (ina) libbi ṭābum | If he eats meat he knows: peace of mind. | If he eats meat he knows: good things in his head. |
| x+12 | DIŠ UZU NU ZU KÚ ŠAG4.BI NU DUÙ.GA | šumma šīr lā idi ikkal (ina) libbi lā ṭābum | If he eats meat he does not know: no peace of mind. | If he eats meat he does not know: bad things in his head. |
| x+13 | DIŠ UZU LÚ.ME KÚ [N]ÍG.TUK ma-da TUK-ši | šumma šīr awīlīm ikkal šarā māda iši | If he eats human meat: he will have great riches. | If he eats human flesh, he will have great riches. |
| x+14 | DIŠ UZU LÚ.UG6KÚ [mim-m]u-š[ú] man-ma TÙM | šumma šīr awīlim mūtim ikkal [mimm]ūš[u] mamma ubbal | If he eats meat from a dead man: somebody will take away what he owns. | If he eats the flesh of a dead man, someone will take away what he owns. |
| x+21 | DIŠ UZU AN-TA-šú KÚ ḪA.LA GAL-tum KÚ | šumma šīr tappī ikkal zittum rabatum [sic] ikkal | If he eats the flesh of his friend: he will enjoy (lit.: eat) a large share. | If he eats the meat of a friend: he will enjoy a large portion (of benefits). |
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Appendix 11.4
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
||
| y+7 | [DIŠ ana] Gir.suki GIN ŠAG4.ḪÚL la da-ṣa-a-tum | [šumma ana] Girsu illak ḫadūm lā dāṣātum | If he goes to Girsu: (there will be) joy, no iniquity | If (a man, in his dream) goes to Girsu, there will be joy, no dishonesty. |
| y+8 | [DIŠ ana] ŠIR.BUR.<LA>ki GIN iḫ-ḫab-bat | [šumma ana] Lagaš illak iḫabbat | If he goes to Lagash: he will be robbed. | If he goes to Lagash, he will be robbed. |
| y+10 | [DIŠ ana] GI.IN.SAG.6ki GIN ina KI.ŠÚ ik-kal-la | [šumma ana] Jamutbal illak ina kīli ikalla | If he goes to (the country) Jamutbal: he will be imprisoned. | If he goes to Yamutbal, he'll be imprisoned. |
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Appendix 11.5
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
||
| 49 | DIŠ KI.MIN-ma ina DUR UŠ[ (50) DIŠ KI.MIN-ma [M]UL.MEŠ DAB [ (51) DIŠ KI.MIN-ma MUL.MEŠ KÚ | šumma šina-ma ina issi irdi (50) šumma šina-ma kakkabām iṣabbat (51) šumma šina-ma kakkabām ikkal | If he ditto and [ ] in/on the rim ... (50) If he ditto and seizes the stars: [...] (51) If he ditto and eats the stars: [...] |
If a man in his dream goes up into the sky (50) if he grabs the stars: [...] (51) if he eats the stars: [...] |
| 71 | DIŠ ana KI ú-rid UG6-ma ina KI ul qí-bir iš-da-[šú (NU) GI.NA] | šumma ana mātim urid imāt-ma ina mātim ul qibir išda[šu (lā) ikān] | If he descends into the netherworld: he will die but not be buried in the ground, [his] foundation [will (not) be secure]. | If he descends to hell: he will die but will not be buried, his foundations will be unsecure. |
| 72 | DIŠ ana KI ú-rid-ma UG6.MEŠ IGI.MEŠ GUD4.MEŠ x [ ] (73) ina IM.RI.A-šú [UG6.UG6] | šumma ana mātim urid-ma mītūm inaṭṭalū kurūm (73) ina kimtušu [mītūm] | If he descends into the netherworld and the dead appear: short days[ ] in his family [there will be cases of death]. | If he descends into hell and the dead appear: short days in his family. |
| 74 | DIŠ KI.[MIN]-ma UG6.MEŠ IGI.MEŠ NA.BI GIDIM.ḪUL [ ] (75) NA ina MÁŠ.GE6 taḫ-si-sat DINGIR.MEŠ šá <NÍG>.ḪA.L[AM ] | šumma šina-ma mītūm inaṭṭalū (ana) awīlim annīm eṭemmum lemnum [ ] (75) annīm ina mašarrī (?) taḫsisat ilī ša šaḫluq[ti ] | If he ditto and the dead curse him: there is blessing for him upon the command of the deity, [long] days. | If as above and the dead curse him: there will be a blessing upon him, ordained by the gods, and long days. |
| 79 | DIŠ KI.[MIN]-ma UG6.MEŠ iḫ-du-šú NÍG.TUK i-qal-lil U[KU2 SIG5] (80) NA.BI UG6-ma ina KI al-du ul iq-qí-[bir] | šumma šina-ma mītūm iḫdušū šarū iqallil l[apnum idammiq] (80) awīlum annūm imāt-ma ina mātim aldu ul iqib[bir] | If he ditto and the dead rejoice over him: the rich will become poor, (80) the poor will become rich; this man will die but will not be buried where he was born. | If as above and the dead are happy for his visit: the rich will become poor, the poor will become rich; (80) this man will die but will not be buried where he was born. |
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Appendix 11.6
(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
gB |
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| 21 | DIŠ kap-pi GAR-ma RI.RI-aš SUḪUŠ.BI NU GI.NA ana IDIM ḪUL.A(?).[x] SIG5 TAG4-šú (22) ana MAŠ.EN.DÙ Á.ḪUL-šú iš-te-<ni>-eߴ-ma GAB.<RI>-šú še-ṭu-su TI-qí | šumma kappī išakkām-ma napraš išdušu lā ikān ana kabtim maskušu [x] damiqtu(šu) izzibšu (22) ana muškēnim idirtušu ište<nī>-ma gabarš šeṭusu leqi | If he has wings and flies to and fro: his foundation is not solid, for an important (person): his bad (luck) [ ], his good (luck) will leave him, (22) for a commoner: he is striving for his (own) misfortune, his rival(!) will despise him. | If (a man) has wings and flies here and there: his foundations are not safe; for an important person: [...] his good luck will leave him; (22) for a normal person: he struggles with his own bad luck, the rival will despise him. |
| 23 | DIŠ kap-pi GAR-ma RI.RI-aš-ma ina KI GUB-ma ZI-a NU ZU-e (24) SUḪUŠ.BI NU GI.NA ina an-ni SUḪUŠ.BI GI.NA | šumma kappī išakkām-ma napraš-ma ina (māt?) mazzāzim-ma inassaḫa lā ileߴe (24) išdušu lā ikān ina anni išdušu ikān | If he has wings and flies to and fro and alights but is not able to take off (again): (24) his foundation is not solid, in the positive case his foundation is solid. | If he has wings and he flies here and there, and he lands but he cannot take flight again: (24) his foundations are not secure, but one good case is secure. |
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Appendix 11.7
Autograph: Ebeling 1923 Keilschrifttexte = Ebeling, Erich 1923 = KAR, No. 252, I 7-12 = VAT 9026 (Type A). |
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(syllabic transcription) |
Oppenheim |
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| / | / | / | If a man had a wrong dream he must, in order that its evil (consequences) may not affect him, say to himself before he sets (in the morning) his foot upon the floor: "The dream I have had is good, good, verily good before Sin and Shamash!". Thus he shall say. (In this way) he makes a good egirrû for himself and the <evil> of his dream will not come near him. | If a man has a bad dream: to avoid having bad consequences, he must tell himself, before he sets foot on the ground, "the dream I had is a good dream, a beautiful dream, beautiful in front of Sin and Shamash!" Saying that, he gets a good mood and the curse of his dream will not come near him. |
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Appendix 12: Proverbs
|
Sources: Autograph: Lambert 1960 Wisdom = Lambert, Wilfred George 1960, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford: Clarendon Press, Plates. Akkadian text and English translation (columns 2, 4): Lambert 1960 Wisdom = Lambert, Wilfred George 1960, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 213-282. Sumerian text/Akkadian text and English translation (columns 2-3 and 4): Gordon 1968 Proverbs = Gordon, Edmund I. 1968, Sumerian Proverbs. Glimpses of Everyday Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, New York: Greenwood Press. NB1: the “ / ” used in Appendix 12.1 indicates line ending; the “ // ” used in Appendix 12.3 shows that in the tablet there is a horizontal line used to divide the text in paragraphs. NB2: in Appendix 12.1, column 3 offers the phonemic transcription of the Sumerian text, displaying also hyperlinks to ePSD2 2.1 for some specific terms. |
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Appendix 12.1
Gordon |
(syllabic transcription) |
Gordon |
Gordon |
gB |
gB |
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| 1.83 | / | / | / | / | In an insult there is his insult, in a curse there is his curse: (here) of fate its many places. | (That is: it is destiny to reap what you sow). |
| 2.4, 180-181 |
a-a igi i-ni-in-bar nam-tar-mu ba-deb-ba | a.a igi inin.bar namtar.mu ba.dib.ba | I looked into the water: (it was) my Fate which was walking there! | Perhaps an allusion to divining the future by hydromancy | I looked into the water: I saw my destiny walking on it. | (Perhaps referable to a hydromantic divination act, i.e., based on water). |
| 2.5, 181-182 |
u4nam-tar-gig-ga-ka ba-tu-ud-d[è-en] | ud.namtar.gig.ga.ka ba.utud.en | I was born on an ill-fated day. | Cf. the Book of Job, ch. 3, and, perhaps, the even closer statement of Plautus, Mos. 3.1, “Natus dis inimicus [sic] omnibus” | I was born on a day (marked) by a sick fate. | / |
| 2.11, 185-186 |
nam-tar ur-ra-àm zú mu-un-da-an-kur5 / túg-mu-sír-ra-gim im-ma-tab-tab / a-ba-àm lú-mu ḫu-mu-un-da-an-zu | namtar ur.ra.me zu mu.un.da.an.kur / tug.mu.sir.ra.gim im.ma.tabba / aba.me lu.mu hu.mu.un.da.an.zu | (The demon) Fate is a dog: he has bitten (him(?)); / He (i.e., Fate) has twist ed himself up like a rag; / Who, my (good) man, can recognize him? | The relation between the first line (in which Fate – here probably Death – is said to bite his victims like a dog) and the last two lines of the proverb (which seem to say that the workings of Fate are shrouded in mystery) is somewhat obscure. | Fate is (like) a dog that bites, it is like a cloth that (one) wraps around one’s self (and suffocates one): who, my friend, can ever recognize it? | / |
| 2.12, 186 |
nam-tar túg-ga-àm edin-na mu-un-na-an-suru5 | namtar tuggam eden.na mu.un.na.an.sur | Fate is a cloth which hangs over one in the steppe. | That is, perhaps, danger lurks everywhere outside the inhabited areas. For the metaphor, cf., perhaps, “the sword of Damocles,” and the English idiom “to hang like a pall overhead”; cf. also the maxim of Cicero: “Death, like the rock of Tantalus, ever hangs over our heads” [see Cicero, Fin.1.60]. | Fate is a cloth hanging over someone in the steppe. | / |
| 2.13, 187 |
nam-tar u4-huš-kalam-ma-ri-a | namtar ud.huš.kalam.ma.ri.a | Fate is a furious storm blowing through the Land (Sumer). | Cf., perhaps, the English expression “an ill wind which blows no good.” | Fate is a blizzard blowing over the country (of Sumer). | / |
| 2.14, 187 |
nam-tar ur-zír-ra-àm egir-ra-na mu-un-du | namtar ur.zir.ra.me egir.ra.na mu.un.du | (The demon) Fate is a vicious(?) dog (who) makes one walk behind him. | Cf. also proverb 2.11 for another comparison between the demon Namtar and a dog. | Fate is a ferocious dog that forces someone to keep after it (= far away). | / |
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Appendix 12.2
Lambert |
(syllabic transcription) |
Lambert |
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| p. 218: 11-14 |
šaḫ-šá-aḫ-ḫu ina pān ru-bé-⸢e⸣ [i-da-]bu-ba zi-ra-a-te (12) i-qab-bi ni-kil-tùm-ma i-tam-ma-a a-⸢ḫi-i⸣-ta (13) ru-[b]u-ú ina taḫ-sis-ti-šu ú-sal-la dšamaš (14) dšá-maš lu-ú ti-i-di da-mi nišīmeš ba-ߴ-i qa-tuš-šú | šaḫšaḫḫu ina pān rub⸢ē⸣ [ida]buba zirāte (12) iqabbi nikiltum-ma itamma a⸢ḫī⸣ta (13) ru[b]ū ina taḫsistišu usalla Šamaš (14) Šamaš lū tīdi dami nišī bāߴi qātuššu | The maligner speaks hostile words before the ruler, (12) talking cunningly, uttering slander. (13) The ruler, thinking it over, prays to Šamaš, (14) “Samas, you know. Hold him responsible for the blood of the people.” | The slanderer spreads words of hate in front of the prince [...] (12) he says sly things, he pronounces slanders. (13) The prince reflects on it and addresses a prayer to the sun-god: (14) "O sun-god, you well know (how things are), hold him accountable for the blood of the people!" |
Lambert |
(syllabic transcription) |
Lambert |
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| p. 263: 12-15 |
šu.gi4.gi4.ra (13) šu {ḫé} ḫé-en-gi4 (14) dḫum.ma (15) [l]ú.inim.gar.ša6.ga.ra | a-na mu-ter gi-mil-l[i] (13) gi-mil-lum li-túr-š[ú] (14) ŠU-m[a] (15) šá i-gir-re-e dam-q[í] | ana muter gimill[i] (13) gimillum liturš[u] (14) Ḫumm[a] (15) ša igirrē damq[i] | May kindness be repaid to him (13) who does a kindness. (14) May Ḫumma grant favour (15) to him of whom favour is predicated. | May those who show compassion (13) receive in turn compassion. (14) May Humma pour good things (15) on the one who enjoys a good reputation. |
| p. 263: 4-8 |
[igi].baḫár.e (5) im.šèg.gá mu.un.ši.íb.íl.e (6) den.líl.le (7) uru nam.tar.áš.dug4.ga.šè (8) ḫa.ba.an.ši.íb.íl.e | nap-lu-u[s pa-ḫa-ri] (5) a-na zu-un-ni × [..] (6) den-lil (7) a-na āli šá ši-ma-tu-šú a[r-rat] (8) lip-pa-[lis] | naplu[s paḫāri] (5) ana zunni × [..] (6) Enlil (7) ana āli ša šimātušu a[rrat] (8) lippa[lis] | The glance of the potter (5) is turned in the direction of rain. (6) May Enlil (8) glance (7) at the city whose fate is a curse. | The potter's gaze (5) is turned towards the rain. (6) May Enlil (8) look away (7) to the city whose fate is a curse. |
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Appendix 12.3
Lambert |
(syllabic transcription) |
Lambert |
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||
| p. 227: 31-32 |
giš.tukul ù.⸢bí⸣.i.e (32) dingir á.daḫ.zu ḫé-a | gi[škakku .....]-ma (32) il[u lu ri-ṣu-k]a | kakku .....]-ma (32) il[u lū rīṣuk]a | (31-32) [Unsheathe] your sword! (32) (Your) god is your help. | (31-32) Draw your weapon: god is your rescue. |
| Comment by gB: “(Help yourself, that heaven may help you)”. | |||||
| pp. 227-228: 42-45 |
[á.d]aḫ.zu níg.tuku.nu.me.a (43) [dingir].ra.àm (44) [sig] kala.ga (45) dingir ⸢á.daḫ⸣.zu na.nam | ri-ṣu-ka ul maš-[ru-ú] (43) i-lu-um-[ma] (44) ṣe-ḫe-er r[a-bi] (45) ilum-ma r[i-ṣu-ka] | rīṣuka ul maš[rū] (43) ilum-[ma] (44) ṣeḫēr r[abī] (45) ilum-ma r[īṣuka] | (42-43) It is not wealth that is your support. (44-45) It is (your) god. Be you small or great, it is (your) god who is your support. | (42-43) Your rescue is not wealth: it is only god. Whether one is small or great, only god is your rescue. |
| p. 233: 1-3 |
[é.gal] dug4.ga.a.n]i an.na.gin7 nu.gam.da (2) [lugal dutu.gin7] inim.a.ni zi.da (3) [dug4.ga.a.ni nu ... ka.t]a.è.a.ni šu nu.bala.e | ēkallum qí-bi-is-sa ki-ma qí-[bi-it da-nim] (2) ul na-da-at šarru ki-ma d[šá-maš a-mat-su ki-na-at] (3) qí-bi-is-su ul iš-šá-na-an ⸢ṣi-it pi-šú⸣ [ul ut-tak-kar] | ēkallum qibīssa kīma qi[bīt Anim] (2) ul nadāt šarru kīma [Šamaš amāssu kināt] (3) qibīssu ul iššanān ⸢ṣīt pīšu⸣ [ul uttakkar] | (1-3) The command of the palace is like Anu's: it may not be set aside. Like Šamaš', the king's word is sure, his command is unequalled, and his utterance cannot be altered. | (1-3) The command of the palace is like the command of the sky-god: it is not discarded The king is like the sun-god: his word is unshakable, his command is unparalleled, what comes out of his mouth is indisputable. |
| Other translation: T. Jacobsen, in H. Frankfort et al., The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, p. 203 = Before Philosophy, p. 218. | |||||
| p. 233: 4-5 |
[é.gal an.na.gin7 d]ug4.ga.a.ni zi.da (5) [lugal dutu.gin7 níg.si.sá ki ba.]ág níg.ne.ru ḫul ba.gig | ēkallum ki-ma da-nim qí-bi-is-s[a ki-na-at] (5) šarru ki-ma d[š]á-maš mi-šá-ra i-ra-am [rag-ga i-zi-ir] | ēkallum kīma Anim qibīss[a kināt] (5) šarru kīma [Š]amaš mīšara irām [ragga izīr] | (4-5) The command of the palace, like Anu's, is sure. Like Šamaš, the king loves righteousness and hates evil. | (4-5) The command of the palace is as unshakable as that of the sky-god. The king is like the sun-god: he loves justice and hates evil. |
| p. 265: 7-8 (rev.) |
umuš dingir.r[a n]u.zu a.rá dingir.ra n[u].×.× (8) [n]íg.nam dingir.ra pàd.da × × ba [×] | ṭe4-em ili ul il-lam-mad [....] (8) mim-mu ili a-na a-[.....] | ṭēm ilī ul ilammad [....] (8) mimmū ilī ana a-[.....] | (7-8) The will of a god cannot be understood, the way of a god cannot be known. Anything of a god [is difficult] to find out. | (7-8) The will of the gods is not understood, their way is not known. It is hard to find out everything about a god. |
| p. 282: 9-13 |
Sumerian unattested | [š]a qa-bu-u-ni am-me-ú (10) [m]a-a ṣilli (giš.ge6) ili a-me-lu (11) [u] ṣilli lúa-me-le-e (12) [a]-me-lu: šarru: šu-ú (13) [qé]-e mu-uš-šu-li šá ili | [š]a qabūni ammu (10) [m]ā ṣilli (giš.ge6) ili amēlu (11) [u] ṣilli amēli (12) [a]mēlu: šarru: šū (13) [q]ē muššuli ša ili | As people say: (10) “Man is the shadow of a god, (11) and a slave is the shadow of a man”; (12) but the king (13) is the mirror of a god. | As people say: (10) "Man is the shadow of a god, (11) the slave (!) is the shadow of a man, (12) but the king – (13) the king is the bronze of the god's reflection (= mirror). |
| Note of Lambert: “It is not clear whether the last clause is an addition of the flattering writer, for he was addressing the Assyrian king, perhaps Esarhaddon, or whether it is really part of the proverb. qê muššuli ߵreflecting copperߴ is presumably Akkadian for ߵmirrorߴ. The difficulty of the proverb lies in lú a-me-le-e [a]-me-lu, and though the rendering given makes best sense, ߵslaveߴ is amēlūtu, not amēlu”. | |||||
| p. 240: 11-21 |
Sumerian lost | sà-ar-t[a] (12)la te-pu-u[š] (13)pu-luḫ-ta [ili] (14)la ik-kal-k[a] // (15)a-ma-ta la tu-lam-man (16) [n]i-⸢is⸣-sà-tú ana libbi-ka (17) [la ta-š]ad-da-ad // (18)[le]-mut-ta (19) [la] te-ep-pu-uš (20) [dan-n]a-ta da-ri-ta (21) [l]a ta-liq-qí | sart[ā] (12)lā tepu[š] (13)puluḫta [ili] (14)lā ikkalk[a] / (15)amātā lā tulamman (16) [n]⸢is⸣satu ana libbika (17) [lā taš]addad / (18)[le]muttā (19) [lā] tepuš (20) [dann]āta dārīta (21) [l]ā taliqqi | (11-14) Commit no crime, and fear [of (your) god] will not consume you. (15-17) Slander no one, and then grief [will not] reach your heart. (18-21) Do [no] evil, and then you will not experience lasting misfortune. | (11-14) Do not do evil things: the fear of god will not consume you. (15-17) Do not say evil things: anxiety will not crawl into your heart. (18-21) Do not do bad things: bad luck will not chase you forever. |
| p. 229: 24-26 |
ud.da á.tuku ní.te dingir.ra (25) mu.ni.in.lá (26) dingir ár.ag.en ù lugal.ra ba.an.na.ab.bé | u4-ma né-me-el pa-la-aḫ ili (25) ta-ta-mar (26) ila ta-na-ߴ-ad ana šarri ta-kar-rab | ūma nēmel palāḫ ili (25) tatamar (26) ila tanaߴad ana šarri takarrab | (24-26) When you have seen the profit of reverencing (your) god, you will praise (your) god and salute the king. | (24-26) The day you saw the benefit of the fear of god, you will praise god, you will offer a blessing to the king. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 13: Spells for “his release” (namburbi)
|
Sources: Autograph: Caplice 1965 Namburbi = Caplice, Richard I. 1965, “Namburbi Texts in the British Museum. I”, Orientalia 34/2, Plates; Caplice 1967 Namburbi = Caplice, Richard I. 1967, “Namburbi Texts in the British Museum. II”, Orientalia 36/1, Plates. Akkadian text (column 2): Caplice 1965 Namburbi = Caplice, Richard I. 1965, “Namburbi Texts in the British Museum. I”, Orientalia 34/2, pp. 125-130 (Text 6); Caplice 1967 Namburbi = Caplice, Richard I. 1967, “Namburbi Texts in the British Museum. II”, Orientalia 36/1, pp. 1-8 (Text 7); ABRT I 66f. + Lenormant, Choix 99; KAR 144 and Ebeling 1955 Namburbi = Ebeling, Erich 1955, “BEITRÄGE ZUR KENNTNIS DER BESCHWÖRUNGSSERIE NAMBURBI (suite), Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 49/4, pp. 178-184 (Text 14). English translation (column 4): Caplice 1974 Namburbi = Caplice, Richard I. 1974, The Akkadian Namburbi Texts: An Introduction, Sources from the Ancient Near East 1/1, Malibu: Undena Publications. [the texts translated herewith correspond to Nos. 6, 7, and 14 of this edition]. NB: The portion of text included in [...] and in smaller font is omitted in gB's translation. |
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Appendix 13.1
For an abnormal fetus | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Caplice |
gB |
|
| 1 | šum-ma ina É NA iz-bu | šumma ina bīt awīlim izbu | If there was a misformed newborn creature in a man's house [– whether (born) of cattle, sheep, ox, [goat], horse, dog, pig, or human being – in order to avert that evil, [that it may not approach] the man and his house (you perform the following ritual)]. | If there is an abnormal fetus in a man's house... |
| 6 | ana ÍD GIN-ma GI.PAD ŠUB-di Ú.GIŠ.SA[R DUB-aq] (7) GI.DU8 DU-an ina UGU GI.DU8 7 ŠUKU.[dINANNA] | ana nārim illak-ma šutukkam inaddi šam[mām išarraq] (7) guḫšām tabanni ina elēn guḫšīm 7 nin[dabām] | You go to the river and construct a reed hut. [You scatter] garden plants. (7) You set up a reed altar. Upon the reed altar you pour out seven food offerings, [beer, dates, (and) fine flour. [You set out] a censer of juniper. You fill three bowls with fine beer, and [you set out] loaves of ...-bread, DIM-bread (and) "earshaped" bread (along with) one grain of silver (and) one grain of gold. You place a gold ... on the head of that misborn creature. You attach a gold breastplate to red thread. You bind it on his breast. You cast that misborn creature on garden plants. You have that man kneel and recite as follows]. | 6 Go to the river and build a reed hut, spread some plants, (7) install a reed altar and put seven food offerings on top... |
| 15 | ÉN dUTU DI.KUD AN-e KI-tim EN kit-te u me-šá-ri (16) muš-te-šir AN.TAMEŠ u KI.TAMEŠ (17) dUTU ÚŠ TI ka-sa-a DU8 šá ŠUII-ka-ma | šiptum Šamaš dayyān šamēm erṣetim bēl kitte u mēšari (16) muštēšir elītū u šaplū (17) Šamaš Úa balātī kasā paṭārum ša qātika-ma | Incantation: Shamash, judge of heaven and earth, lord of justice and equity, (16) director of upper and lower regions' (17) Shamash, it is in your power to bring the dead to life, to release the captive. [Shamash, I have approached you' Shamash, I have sought you out! Shamash, I have turned to you! Avert from me the evil of this misborn creature! May it not affect me! May its evil be far from my person, that I may daily bless you (and) those who see me may forever [sing] your praise!] | Spell. "O sun-god, judge of heaven and earth, lord of justice and law, (16) who guides the spheres on high and below! (17) O sun-god, it is in your power to keep the prisoner alive and free..." |
| 23 | ÉN [an-ni-tam] 3-šú DUG4.GA É LÚ [× ×] (24) [... k]a-ma ina IGI ÍD ki-a-am [DUG4.GA] | šiptam [annītam] šalāšīšu šubni bīt awīlim [× ×] (24) [... k]a-ma ina maḫār nāri kīam [tušabna] | You have him recite [this] incantation three times. The man's house [will then be at peace] .... (24) Before the river [you recite] as follows. | Say this prayer three times and that man's house will be unscathed. (24) In front of the river say the following: |
| R 1 | [ÉN at]-⸢ti⸣ ÍD DÙ-at k[a-la-ma] (2) [...]-sun A INUMUN-u-ti šá [DINGIR-šú] ⸢d⸣[AG] (3) [dXV-šú] dKURNUN šá iz-bi ḪUL [GAR-šú-ma] (4) [pa]l-ḫu-ma i-ta-nam-[da-ru] (5) ḪUL ⸢iz-bi an⸣-ni-i šu-t[i-qa-aš-šu] | [šiptum at]-⸢tī⸣ nār bānū k[alāma] (2) [...]-sun mār Zerūti ša [ilušu] [Nabū] (3) [Tašmētu] dKURNUN ša iz-bi lumni [išakkām-ma] (4) [pa]lḫu-ma itanam[daru] (5) lumun ⸢iz-bi an⸣nī šut[iqāššu] | [Incantation: y]ou, River, are the creator of everything. (2) ...-sun, the son of Zerūti, whose [personal god is Nabû, (3) whose personal goddess] is Tashmētu, who [is beset by] an evil misborn creature, (4) is therefore frightened (and) terrified. (5) Avert from him the evil of this misborn creature! [May the evil not approach, may it not draw near, [may it not press upon him]! May that evil go out from his person, that he may daily bless you (and) those who see [him] may forever sing your praise! By the command of Ea and Asalluhi, remove that evil! May your banks not release it! Take it down to your depths! Extract that evil! Give happiness (and) health!] | "O river god, you are the creator of all things! (2) So-and-so, the son of so-and-so, whose personal god is Nabu (3) and whose personal goddess is Tashmetu, is under the bad omen of an abnormal fetus, (4) and is therefore in the grip of fear and terror. (5) Take away from him the evil of the abnormal fetus! |
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Appendix 13.2
For a dog's evil eye | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Caplice |
gB |
|
| 1 | [NAM.BÚR.BI] ḪUL UR.GIRx(KU) [ša] ina É LÚ i-bak-ku-ú] (2) [i-dam-mu-mu ḪUL] UR.GIRx š[ú-a-tu ana NA u É-šú NU TE] | [NAM.BÚR.BI] lumun kalbi [ša] ina bīt awīlim ibakku] (2) [idammumu lumun] kalbi š[uātu ana awīlim u bīssu lā iṭēḫḫe] | [Namburbi] for the evil of a dog [which howls (2) and moans in a man's house, that the evil of th]at dog [may not approach the man and his house]. | Namburbi for the evil eye of a dog howling (2) and moaning in a man's house, in order that the bad omen of that dog not touch the man and his family. |
| 3 | NU UR.GIRx šá IM DU-uš ana IGI [dUTU É]N 3-šú ŠID | ṣalam kalbi ša ṭīdi teppuš ana maḫār [Šamaš šipta]m šalāšīšu tamannu | You make a clay image of a dog. Before [Shamash] you recite an incantation three times. | Make a clay figurine of a dog. In front of the sun-god, recite the incantation three times. |
| 5 (= 4-5) |
(4) <ana> ÍD G[IN-ma 7-šú ana ma-ḫir-ti ÍD 7-šú] ana (5) qid-da-at ÍD SIR [ḪUL UR.GI]Rx BI | (4) <ana> nārim tal[lak-ma šabīšu ana maḫīrti nīrim šabīšu] ana (5) qiddat nīrim tasannaq [lemun kal]bim ullīm | You go to the river and immerse yourself, [seven times facing upstream, seven times] facing (5) downstream. [The evil of] that dog | Go to the river and immerse yourself into the water, seven times upstream, seven times (5) downstream. |
| 7 (= 5-6) |
(5) ana NA u É-šú NU TE-e | (6) ana awilīm u bīssu lā iṭēḫḫe | (5) will (6) not approach the man and his house. | That dog's bad omen (6) will not touch the man or his family. |
| 8 (= 6-9) |
(6) én den.ki lugal ⸢abzu.ke4⸣ (7) lugal NUNKI.ga.me.en giškim ḫul ur.girx igi.z[u.š]è (8) ba.gil ba.ra.na.te.gá.e.dè (9) ba.ra.na.gá.gá.[dè tu6 én] | (6) šiptum Enki šar ⸢Apšī⸣ (7) šar Irīti tuklat lumun kalbi maḫ[ri-š]u (8) ušteggir ē iṭḫišu (9) ē īrub[šu tū šiptim] | (6) Incantation: Enki, king of the Apsû, (7) king of Eridu are you. May the evil portent of the dog which (8) confronts you not come near him! (9) May it not beset him! [End formula of the incantation]. | (6) Spell: "Enki, you are the king of the abyss, (7) the king of the city of Eridu. May the bad omen of the dog that (8) faces you not touch him! (9) May it not afflict him!" End of the incantation formula [...]. |
| Vs. 19 | GIM an-nam 3-šú DUG4.GA-ma (20) NU UR5-tu ana ÍD ŠUB-ma a-⸢mi-lu šu⸣-[a-tú] (21) ana EGIR-šú NU IGI-mar ana É LUDIN.NA TU-ma Ḫ[UL-šú DU8] | kīma annām šalāšīšu šubni-ma (20) attunu ana nārim innad-ma a⸢mīlu šu⸣[ātu] (21) ana warkišu lā immar ana bāt aštammi irrub-ma lumun[šu ūtakkaš] | When you have recited this three times, (20) you throw that dog into the river, and that man (21) does not look behind him. He enters a tavern, and [its] e[vil (22) will be dissipated]. | When you have recited this three times, (20) throw that dog in the river, and that man (goes away) (21) without looking back and walks into a tavern. His evil eye (22) will be dispelled. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 13.3
To facilitate trade | ||||
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Caplice |
gB |
|
| 1 | a-na iš-di-iḫ sa-bi-i lu amêlbârû lu amêlasû lu amêlmaš-maš [šiptu tum-]mu bîti [imanu-ma i-ra-]aš-ši-i | ana išdiḫ sabī lū bārū lū asū lū mašmaš(š)u [šiptu tum]mu bīti [im(m)ānu-ma ira]šši | That brisk trade may [not] bypass (lit. forget) the house of a tavernkeeper, or diviner, or physician, or liturgist, or baker. [Its ritual: you crush dust from a temple, dust from a god's dais, dust from a city gate, dust from a ditch, dust from an open air shrine, dust from a bridge on which Ishtar shines, dust from a crossroads, dust from a dust storm, dust from a prostitute's door, dust from the door of a ..., dust from a weaver's door, dust from a palace door, dust from a malt-grower's door, dust from a tavern keeper's door, dust from a road, dust from a gardener's door, dust from a carpenter's door, dust from the door of a nadītu-priestess, all these kinds of dust. You mix them together in river water. You smear cypress oil on them. With the paste you anoint the door of the man's house. You sweep the roof. You sprinkle pure water. You set up a reed altar before Ishtar. You arrange twelve loaves. You set out confections of honey and ghee. You scatter dates and fine Hour. You set out a censer of juniper. You bring (the afflicted person), whether male or female, up to the roof. You have him kneel down and you set a copper image to (his) right. He recites as follows: "Ishtar, Nanay, and Gazbaya help me in this matter!" He recites this, and recounts the matters which are on his mind. Then there will always be brisk trade for the tavern. That house will be prosperous in the future.] | In order that a good trade does not forget the home of an innkeeper, an exorcist, a doctor, a soothsayer, a liturgist, a baker [...] |
| 21 (Caplice) = Ebeling 13ff. |
(13) šiptu diš-tar li-e-it ilânimeš rabûtimeš : šá-qú-tum šu-pú-tum ga-rit-tum (14) diš-tar mu-tál-la-tum šur-bu-tum : dir-ni-na bêltumtum a-na ia-ši ru-ṣi (15) na-ba-at u a-di-rat : den-líl-at nišêmeš i-lat zi-ik-ka-ri [...] (19) [...] lim-ḫur-ki bît amêlsa-bi-i na-ram-ki (20) diš-tar ana [a-]ma-ti-ia i-ziz-zi-im-ma si-bu-tum an-ni-tum lu si-bu-ut-ki (21) diš-tar um-mi-di qâta-ki ina iṣkanni ú nam-ziti | (13) šiptu Ištar lēt ilāni rabūti : šaqūtum šupūtum gūrīttum (14) Ištar mut(t)allatum šurbūtum : Irnina bēltum ana yāši ruṣi (15) nabāt u adirat : Enlilat nišē ilat zikkarī [...] (19) [...] limḫurki bīt sabī naramki (20) Ištar ana [a]mātīya izizzim-ma sibūtum annītum lū sibūtki (21) Ištar ummidi qātaki ina kanni u namzīti | Incantation: Ishtar, most courageous of the great gods, exalted, glorious, warlike Ishtar, noble one, most great lady Irnini, help me! You are (by turns) fair and darkened. Lady-Enlil of (all) people, goddess of males, [outdoer of (all) people, mighty Ishtar, daughter of Anu, created by the great gods, giver of the scepter, the throne (and) the royal staff to all kings, lady of (all) lands, help me! Proudest of goddesses, exalted lady, I call upon you: help me! May the censer rich(ly laden) with pure juniper come before you! Ishtar, stand by me to (further) my affairs!] May this tavern trade be your tavern trade! Ishtar, lay your hand on the potstand and mixing vat! May profit come my way, and never cease! You are the one who has this office. End-formula of the incantation. | Spell. Oh Ishtar, the bravest of the great gods, exalted, glorious, warrior Ishtar, noble, supreme lady Irnini, help me! You are bright and dark. Lady Enlil of all peoples, goddess of men [...] May the trade of this tavern be your trade! O Ishtar, put your hand on the jar with its support! [...] |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 14: Spells for “the rise of the heart” (šaziga)
|
Sources: Autograph: Biggs 1967 Shaziga = Biggs, Robert D. 1967, šà.zi.ga. Ancient Mesopotamian Potency Incantations, Texts from Cuneiform Sources 2, Locust Valley: J.J. Augustin, Plates. Akkadian text and English translation (columns 2, 4): Biggs 1967 Shaziga = Biggs, Robert D. 1967, šà.zi.ga. Ancient Mesopotamian Potency Incantations, Texts from Cuneiform Sources 2, Locust Valley: J.J. Augustin [quotation according to number and lines of the edited texts]. NB: The portion of text included in [...] and in smaller font is omitted in gB's translation. |
Back to top: Appendices
Appendix 14.1
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Biggs |
gB |
|
| 20 | ÉN a-kan-nu MIN ri-mu MIN man-nu ú-[ram-me-k]a ki-ma qi-i | šiptum akānu akkannu rīmu akkannu mannu u[rammek]a kīma qī | Incantation. Wild ass! Wild ass! Wild bull! Wild bull! Who has made you [fall limp] like slack cords? | Spell. Wild ass! (repeat). Wild bull! (repeat). Who made you as limp as a loose string? |
| 21 | ra-mu-ti mannu ki-ma ḫu-l[i a-lak-t]a-ka ip-ru-u[s] | ramūti mannu kīma ḫūl[i alakt]aka ipru[s] | Who has blocked your [way] like a ro[ad]? | Who blocked your going out as (it should be for) an expedition? |
| 22 | man-nu it-bu-uk ana ŠÀ-ka [A.MEŠ ka]-ṣu-ti | mannu itbuk ana libbika [mā ka]ṣūti | Who has poured co[ld water] on your “heart” | Who poured cold water on your heart? |
| 23 | ana UGU ŠÀ-ka iš-kun a-d[ir-t]a [di-l]ip-ta i-[x x x] | ana muḫḫi libbika iškun ad[irt]a [dil]ipta i-[x x x] | (and) has put gl[oom] upon your heart, has [...-ed you con]fusion? | (Who) put darkness over your heart, did (cause you) confusion? |
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Appendix 14.2
(syllabic transcription) |
(phonemic transcription) |
Biggs |
gB |
|
| r45 | [ÉN ina SAG-ia da-a]š-šu ra-ki-is : ina še-pi-ti-ia | [šiptum ina qaqqadiya da]ššu rakis : ina šēpītiya | [Incantation. At my head a bu]ck is tied! At my feet | Spell. A ram is tied to the headboard (of the bed), a ram is tied to the feet (of the bed). |
| 46 | [pu-ḫa-lu ra-ki-i]s da-aš(!)-šu ḫu-ub-bi-ba-ni | [puḫālu raki]s daš(!)šu ḫubbibāni | [a ram is tied]! Buck, caress me! | O ram, caress me! |
| 47 | [pu-ḫa-lu] rik-ta-ban-ni | [puḫālu] riktabānni | [Ram], copulate with me! | O ram, come and ride me! |
| 48 | [x x x] du-ku-uk ri-i-mi it-ti-ka lit-ba-a | [x x x] dukuk rīmi ittika litbā | [...] Prance about, wild bull! Let yout strength rise for you! | O wild bull, rear up [in front of me]! |
| 49 | e-mu-qa-an it-ti-ka lit-ba-a bir-ka-na a-ni-ḫa-tu | emūqan ittika litbā birkāna anīḫatu | Let your tired knees rise for you! | Raise up your strength! Raise your tired knees high (= the organ)! |
| v1 | [it-ti-ka lit-ba]-⸢a⸣ mi-na-tu-ka it-ti-ka [li]t-[ba-a] meš-re-⸢tu⸣-[ka] (2) [it-t]i-ka lit-ba-a ku-lu-l[i-ka] (3) [x x x]-ka-⸢ma⸣(?) ma-a-a-al-⸢ta⸣ [x x] | [ittika litb]⸢ā⸣ minātuka ittika [li]t[bā] mešrē⸢tu⸣[ka] (2) [itt]ika litbā kulūl[ika] (3) [x x x]ka-⸢ma⸣(?) māl⸢ta⸣ [x x] | [Let] your limbs [rise for you]! [Let] your members [rise] for you! (2) Let [your] ... rise [for] you! (3) [...] ... the bed [(...)] | May your limbs stand high! May your organs rise high! |
| 4 | x x x x ⸢ta⸣-ߴ-dir ra-am-ka ⸢e⸣ta-šú-[uš] | x x x x ⸢ta⸣ߴdir rāmka ⸢e⸣ta-šú-[uš] | Do not(?) fear ...! Do not wor[ry] about love-making! | Do not be afraid! Do not distress yourself making love! |
| 5 | ina qí-bit <<ina>> te-e te-⸢li⸣-ti ⸢d⸣Iš-ta[r] | ina qibīt <<ina>> tē te⸢lī⸣ti Išta[r] | According to the wording(?) of the incantation of wise Ištar, ... | It is Ishtar's command, who well understands and of Ea, Shamash, Marduk. |
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Appendix 15: Spells of “incineration” (šurpu)
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Sources: Akkadian text and English translation (columns 3, 5): Reiner 1958 Surpu = Reiner, Erica 1958, šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations, Archiv für Orientforschung, Beiheft 11, Graz: im Selbstverlage des Herausgebers (pages and passages are here referred to according to the Neudruck 1970, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag). |
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Appendix 15.1
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| The symbol | V-VI, 60 | ÉN ki-ma SUM.SAR an-ni-i i-qal-la-pu-ma ana IZI ŠUB-ú (61) dBIL.GI qa-mu-u iqam-mu-u | šiptum kīma šūmū annī iqallapu-ma ana išāti innadu (61) qilūtu qamū iqammū | Incantation. Like the onion he peels and throws into the fire, (61) – the fire consumes it entirely – | Spell. Like this onion who (the patient) is peeling to throw it in the fire (61) so that the fire completely incinerates it, |
| Disintegration of the symbol | 62 | i-na mu-sa-re-e la in-ni-ri-šu (63) i-na E u PA5 la in-nim-me-du (64) šur-šu-šu qaq-qa-ru la i-ṣab-ba-tu (65) (65) ŠE.KAK-šu la E11-ma dUTU la IGI-ru (66) a-na nap-tan DINGIR u LUGAL NU TE-u | ina mūsare lā innirišu (63) ina ittī u atappi lā innimmedu (64) šuršūšu qaqqaru lā iṣabbatu (65) ŠE.KAK (isimū?)-šu lā īrub-ma Šamaš lā imarru (66) ana naptan ilim u šarrim lā ṭēḫu | which will not be grown in a plant-bed, (63) which will not be close to a ditchbank or canal, (64) whose roots will not take hold in the soil, (65) whose shoot will not sproud, and will not see the sun, (66) that will not be used for the meal of god or king, | that it not grow in the garden anymore, (63) that will no longer benefit from canals or ditches, (64) that will no longer take root in the ground, (65) that will never bloom in the sun again, (66) which will no longer serve for the king's or the temple's banquets, |
| The ailment | 67 | ni-šu ma-mit tur-ta maš-al-tu (68) GIG ta-[ni]-ḫi ár-ni šèr-ti gíl-la-ti ḫi-ṭi-ti (69) GIG ša ina SU.MU UZU.MEŠ.MU SA.MEŠ.MU GÁL-u | nīšu māmīt tūrta mašāltu (68) marāṣ tā[nī]ḫi arni šērti gillati ḫiṭīti (69) marāṣu ša ina zumriya šīrīya šerߴānīya baššu(?) | (so) invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning, (68) the pain of my hardship, sin, transgression, crime, error, (69) the sickness that is in my body, my flesh, my veins, | (thus) may oath and curse, revenge and inquisition, (68) the evil of my lamentation, sin, transgression, crime and error, (69) the evil that resides in my body, my flesh, my veins. |
| Disintegration of the ailment | 70 | GIM SUM.SAR an-ni-i liq-qa-líp-ma (71) ina u4-me an-ni-i dGIŠ.BAR qa-mu-u liq-mi (72) ma-mit lit-ta-ṣi-ma a-na-ku ZALAG2 lu(!)-mur | kīma šūmū annī liqqalip-ma (71) ina ūme annī GIŠ.BAR (isimū?) qamū liqmi (72) māmīt littaṣi-ma anāku nūra lu(!)mur | may be peeled off like this onion, (71) may the fire consume it entirely today, (72) may the oath leave so that I may see the light! | Peel away like this onion, (71) may the fire incinerate it completely on this day, (72) may the curse recede so that I can see the light! |
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Appendix 15.2
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| The symbol | V-VI, 83 | ÉN GIM ŠU.SAR an-ni-i BÚR-ma ana IZI ŠUB-u (84) dGIŠ.BAR qa-mu-u i-qam-mu-u | šiptum kīma šēri annī išappar-ma ana išāti innadu (84) GIŠ.BAR (isimū?) qamū iqammū | Incantation. As this matting is unraveled and thrown into the fire, (84) – the fire consumes it entirely – | Spell. Like this mat which (the patient) is fraying to throw it in the fire (84) so that the fire completely incinerates it, |
| Disintegration of the symbol | 85 | PA.MEŠ-šú a-na GIŠ.GIŠIMMAR-šú la GUR-u (86) a-na ši-pir ṣi-bu-ti la DU-ku | arūšu ana gišimmarišu lā iturru (86) ana šipir ṣībuti lā šuluku | the fibres it is made of will not return to the date-palm, (86) which will not be fit for a proper use, | whose fibers will never return to the palm tree (86) which will no longer serve its purpose, |
| The disease | 87 | ni-šu ma-mit tur-ta maš-al-tu [cf. supra 67] | nīšu māmīt tūrta mašāltu [cf. supra 67] | (so), invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning [cf. supra 67] | (thus) may oath and curse, etc. (as above). |
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Appendix 15.3
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| The symbol | V-VI, 93 | ÉN GIM SÍG.AKÀ an-ni-i in-nap-pa-šu-ma ana [IZI ŠUB-u] (94) dGIŠ.BAR qa-mu-u i-qam-mu-[u] | šiptum kīma šārat iqti annī innapašu-ma ana [išāti innadu] (84) GIŠ.BAR (isimū?) qamū iqamm[ū] | Incantation. As this flock of wool is plucked apart and [thrown into the fire], (94) – the fire consumes it entirely – | Like this ball of yarn which is torn up to be thrown into the fire (94) so that the fire completely incinerates it, |
| The disintegration of the symbol | 95 | a-na UGU UDU.NITÁ-šu la GU[R-ru] (96) a-na lu-bu-uš-ti DINGIR u LUGAL la [TE-u] | ana muḫḫi immerišu lā itur[ru] (96) ana lubušti ilim u šarrim lā [ṭēḫu] | which will not retu[rn] onto its sheep, (96) [will] not [be used] for the clothing of god or king, | that it never return to the sheep, (96) that it is no longer used for the clothes of the king or the gods, |
| The ailment | 97 | ni-šu ma-mit tur-ta maš-al-[tu] [cf. supra 67] | nīšu māmīt tūrta mašāl[tu] [cf. supra 67] | (so) invocation, oath, retaliation, questioning [cf. supra 67] | (thus) may oath and curse, etc. (as above). |
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Appendix 15.4
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| The origin | VII, 1ff. | (1) én bu[ru5] šà.ZU+AB.ta im.ta.[è].a.na (3) nam.erím šà.an.na.ta im.ta.e11.d[è] (5) dù.dù ú.šim.gin8 ki.a mu.un.d[ar] | (2) di-me-tum ul-tu qí-rib ap-si-i it-ta-ṣa-a (4) ma-mi-tu ul-tu qí-rib AN-e ur-da (6) aḫ-ḫa-zu ki-ma ur-qí-ti ir-ṣi-ta i-pi-ṣ[i] | (2) dimētum ultu qirib apsī ittaṣā (4) māmītu ultu qirib šamē urda (6) aḫḫāzu kīma urqīti irṣita ipiṣ[i] | (1/2) Incantation. The dimītu-disease had come out from the Apsû, (3/4) the 'Oath' was on its way down from the midst of heaven, (5/6) (and) the Aḫḫazu(-demon) was breaking through the ground like weed, | (1/2) Spell. The seizures have come out of the underworld, (3/4) the incantation has descended from the middle of the heavens, (5/6) the rapacious (demon) has split the ground like the grass (germinating). |
| The presence | VII, 7ff. | (7) im-limmú-ba me.lám šú-šú-a-meš izi.gin8 pil.pil.e.[meš] (9) un.lu.a uru im.ma.an.gig.e.ne su.na dirig.ga.a.[meš] (11) uru.kalam.ma.ke4 im.mi.in.šéš.šéš.ne íl.sig.ga gaba.im.im.[an.ra.(aḫ.)e.ne] (13) guruš.ki.sikil.bi lál.e.ne ad.ša4.ta sa5.a.[meš] (15) an.ki.bi.ta im.dugud.gin8 šèg.šèg sag.nigin gar.ra.[a.meš] | (8) a-na šá-a-ri ir-bit-ti me-lam-me saḫ-pu ki-ma i-šá-ti ú-[x-y-z] (10) ni-iš da-ád-me ú-šam-ra-ṣu zu-mur-ši-na ú-ṣar-ra-[pu] (12) ina a-li u ma-a-ti ú-šad-ma-mu ṣi-ḫir ra-bi ú-šá-as-pa-[du] (14) eṭ-li u ar-da-ta ú-kàs-su-u ni-is-sa-ta ú-ma-[al-lu-u] (16) ina AN-e u KI-tim ki-ma im-ba-ri i-za-an-nu-nu ṣi-da-nu i-š[ak-ka-nu] | (8) ana šāri irbitti melammē saḫpu kīma išāti u-[x-y-z] (10) niš dadmē ušamraṣu zumuršina uṣarra[pu] (12) ina āli u māti ušadmamu ṣiḫir rabī ušaspa[du] (14) eṭli u ardata ukassī nissata uma[allī] (16) ina šamē u mātim kīma imbari izannunī ṣidānu iš[akkanī] | (7/8) they were spreading awesome rays towards the four cardinal points, scorching (everything) like fire, (9/10) the were plaguing the (prolific) population of the cities, pestering their bodies, (11/12) they were raising wails in town and country, making young and old beat their breasts, (13/14) they were binding the young man and the young girl, filling them with despair, (15/16) they were raining down (disease) in heaven and on earth like a thundercloud, causing epilepsy, | (7/8) Thus, now, extend flashes of light to the four winds withering everything like fire (9/10) contaminate populations by infecting their bodies with burning, cause young and old to groan (11/12) and beat their chests, in town and country, (13/14) inhibit boys and girls to the point of despair, (15/16) they induce epilepsy with showers like rain on the ground and in heaven. |
| The patient | VII, 17ff. | (17) ki šà.dib.ba dingir.re.e.ne.ke4 e.ne.ne.ne sag.sum.mu silig.silig.g[a.a.meš] (19) lú dingir.bi an.da.ri.a gaba.mu.un.ri.eš túg.gin8 dul.la.a.⸢meš⸣ (21) [ug]u.na ba.an.si.eš uš12.bi gál.la.a.meš | (18) a-šar ki-mil-ti DINGIR šú-nu i-ḫi-iš-u-ma qu-la i-na[m-du-u] (20) a-me-lu ša DINGIR-šú it-ti-šú is-su-ú im-ḫu-ru-ma GIM ṣu-ba-ti ik-tu-mu-šú (22) e-li-šú i-ši-ru-ma im-tú um-tal-lu-šú | (18) ašar kimilti ilu šunū iḫišu-ma qula ina[ddī] (20) amēlu ša ilušu ittišu issē imḫuru-ma kīma ṣubati iktumušu (22) eliši iširu-ma imtu uttallūšu | (17/18) they rush to the place where the god (has turned) his wrath (and) cast a silence (of) dejection. (19/20) They have encountered the man from whom his god had withdrawn and covered him like a cloak, (21/22) they have pounced straight upon him and filled him with (their) venom [...]. | (17/18)There, they now rush to where they know that god is angry and impose a silence of terror, (19/20) they confront the man from whom god has distanced himself, and cover him with a cape, (21/22) they jump on him and poison him, tie his hands, paralyze his feet, they cover the body with scabies and spray it with gall. |
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Appendix 15.5
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| V-VI, 173 | ÉN ŠANGÁ.MAḪ-ku-ma at-ta-paḫ i-šá-ta (174) KI.NE at-ta-paḫ at-ta-din pi-šìr-tu | šiptum ramku-ma attapaḫ išāta (174) kinūna attapaḫ attadin piširtu | Incantation. I am the purification-priest, I kindled a fire. (174) I kindled the stove, I threw in the magic ingredients, | Incantation. I am a technician of purification, I lit the fire, (174) I lit the stove, I threw in the magic ingredients. |
| V-VI, 175 | ra-am-ku KÙ šá dÉ-a DUMU šip-ri šá dAsal-lú-ḫi a-na-ku | ramku ellu ša Ea mār šipri ša Asalluḫi anāku | I am the purified, the clean (priest) of Ea, the messenger of Marduk. | I am purified, the pristine one of Ea, I am the messenger of Marduk. |
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Appendix 15.6
Shortly after the description of the sick person afflicted by demons (described in the text cited above as 15.4), Marduk is presented as the exorcist who follows the teachings of his father Ea, as the technician himself must do. |
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| VII, 37 | [dAsal.l]ú.ḫi : dAMAR.UD ip-pa-[l]is-su-ma : igi.im.[ma].an.sum (38) [a.a.ni dEn.ki.r]a é.a ba.ši.in.tu gù.mu.un.na.an.d[è.e] (39) [a-na a-bi-šú d]É-a a-na É i-ru-um-ma i-šá-as-s[i] | [dAsal.l]ú.ḫi : dAMAR.UD ippa[l]issu-ma : igi.im.[ma].an.sum (38) [a.a.ni dEn.ki.r]a é.a ba.ši.in.tu gù.mu.un.na.an.d[è.e] (39) [ana abišu] Ea ana bīti irūm-ma išass[i] | Marduk noticed him, (38/39) went into the house [to his father] Ea and cried out: | Marduk realized this (38/39) and went to his father, Ea, in his house, and exclaimed: |
| VII, 40 | (40) [a.a.mu buru5 šà.ZU+.t]a im.ta.è.a.n[a] (41) [a-bi di-me-tum ult]u qí-rib ap-si-i it-ta-ṣa-a | (40) [a.a.mu buru5 šà.ZU+.t]a im.ta.è.a.n[a] (41) [abi dimētum ult]u qirib apsī ittaṣā | (40/41) [«Father, the dimītu-disease] had come out [fro]m the midst of the Apsû!» | (40/41) "O father, the convulsions have come out of the underworld." |
| VII, 42 | [a.rá.min.kám.ma : a-di ši-na i]q-bi-šum-ma : .aš ù.ub.dug4 | [a.rá.min.kám.ma : adi šina i]qbišum-ma : .aš ù.ub.dug4 | He repeated this to him [a second time] (and said): | He spoke for a second time, in these terms: |
| VII, 44 | (43) [a.na íb.ak.a.na.bi nu.]zu a.na ba.ni.íb-gi4.gi4 (44) [mi-na-a e-pu-uš LÚ š]u-a-ti ul i-di ina mi-ni-i i-pa-áš-šaḫ | (43) [a.na íb.ak.a.na.bi nu.]zu a.na ba.ni.íb-gi4.gi4 (44) [mīna ēpuš awīli š]uāti ul idi ina mīni ipaššaḫ | (43/44) «I don't know [what to do], what would quiet him». | (43-44) "I do not know what to do, what will calm him down." |
| VII, 45 | (45) [dEn.ki dumu.ni dAsal.l]ú.ḫi mu.un.na.ni.íb.gi4.gi4 (46) [dÉ-a DUMU]-šú dAMAR.UD ip-pal | (45) [dEn.ki dumu.ni dAsal.l]ú.ḫi mu.un.na.ni.íb.gi4.gi4 (46) [Ea māri]šu Marduk ippal | (45/46) [Ea] answered his [son] Marduk: | (45/46) Ea replied to his son Marduk: |
| VII, 48 | (47) [dumu.mu a.na nu.ì.zu] a.na.ra.ab.daḫ.e (48) [mari mi-na-a la t]i-di mi-na-a lu-uṣ-ṣip-ka (49) [dAsal.lú.ḫi a.na nu.ì]zu a.na.ra.ab.daḫ.e (50) [dAMAR.UD mi-na-a l]a ti-di mi-na-a lu-rad-di-ka (51) [níg.mà.e ì.zu.a.mu] ù za.e in.gá.e.z[u] (52) [šá a-na-ku i-du-u] at-ta ti-i-[di] (53) [gin.na dumu.mu : a-lik ma-ri dAM]AR.UD : dAsa[l.lú.ḫi] | (47) [dumu.mu a.na nu.ì.zu] a.na.ra.ab.daḫ.e (48) [māri īna lā t]idi mīna luṣṣipka (49) [dAsal.lú.ḫi a.na nu.ì]zu a.na.ra.ab.daḫ.e (50) [Marduk mīna l]ā tidi mīna luraddika (51) [níg.mà.e ì.zu.a.mu] ù za.e in.gá.e.z[u] (52) [ša anāku idū] attā ti[di] (53) [gin.na dumu.mu : ālik māri Marduk : dAsa[l.lú.ḫi] | (47/48) [«My son, what is it you] do [not] know? What more could I give to you? (49/50) [Marduk, what is it] you do [no]t know? What could I give you in addition? (51/52) [Whatever I know], you know (too). (53) [Go, my son] Marduk! | (47/48) "My son, what do you not know? What else can I give you? (49/50) Marduk, what is it you do not know? What else can I add for you? (51/52) Everything I know, you know too! (53) Go, my son, Marduk! |
| VII, 54 | (54) ninda 7 ninda zíd.še kù.ga.ta šu.u.m[e.ni.ti] (55) si-bit a-kal tap-pi-in-ni el-li li-qí-[ma] | (54) ninda 7 ninda zíd.še kù.ga.ta šu.u.m[e.ni.ti] (55) sibit akal tappinni elli liqi-[ma] | (54/55) Take seven loaves of pure coarse flour, [...] | (54/55) Get seven loaves of pure flour, [...]. |
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Appendix 16: Spells of the “stake” (maqlû)
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Sources: Akkadian text and German translation (columns 3, 5): Meier 1967 Maqlu = Meier, Gerhard 1967, Die assyrische Beschwörungssammlung Maqlû, Archiv für Orientforschung, Beiheft 2, Osnabruck: Biblio Verlag. |
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Appendix 16.1
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| Title. Invocation | I, 1 | én al-si-ku-nu-ši ilânimeš mu-ši-ti (2) it-ti-ku-nu al-si mu-ši-tum kal-la-tum kut-úm-tum (3) al-si ba-ra-ri-tum qab-lí-tum u na-ma-ri-tum | šiptum alsikunuši ilāni mušīti (2) ittikunu alsi mušītum kallātum kutumtum (3) alsi barārītum qablītum u namārītum | Beschwörung. Ich habe euch angerufen, ihr Götter der Nacht. (2) Mit euch rief ich die Nacht, die verhüllte Braut. (3) Ich rief die Abenddämmerung, die Mitternacht und das Morgengrauen, | Incantation. I summon you, gods of the night, (2) and with you I invoke the night, the veiled bride, (3) dusk, midnight, dawn – |
| Motivation | I, 4 | áš-šú fkaššaptu ú-kaš-šip-an-ni (5) e-li-ni-tum ub-bi-ra-an-ni (6) ili-ia5 ù dištar-ia5 ú-šis-su-u elî-ia5 | aššu kaššaptu ukaššipanni (5) elīnītum ubbiranni (6) iliya u Ištarya ušissū elīya | weil die Zauberin mich bezaubert hat, (5) der Alp mich gebunden hat. (6) Meinen Gott und meine Göttin entfernten sie von mir, | because the witch bewitched me, (5) the beguiler caught me in knots, (6) they have driven my god and goddess away from me. |
| I, 7 | eli a-me-ri-ia5 am-ru-uṣ a-na-ku (8) im-di-ku la ṣa-la-lu mûša ù ur-ra | eli amēriya āmru anāku (8) imdiku lā ṣalalu mūša u urra | dem, der mich sieht, bin ich beschwerlich geworden, (8) habe keine Ruhe Tag und Nacht. | Look, I have become a pitiful case for those who turn to look at me, (8) I am overwhelmed by the weight of anxiety day and night. | |
| I, 9 | qu-u im-ta-na-al-lu-u pî-ia (10) ú-pu-un-ti pî-ia5 ip-ru-su (11) mêmeš maš-ti-ti-ia5 u-maṭ-ṭu-ú | qū imtanallu pīya (10) upunti pīya iprusu (11) mē maštītiya umaṭṭu | Mit Zauberknoten haben sie meinen Mund gefüllt, (10) mit Mehl mir den Mund verschlossen, (11) mein Trinkwasser verringert. | They keep tying (magic) knots on my mouth, (10) they stuck my mouth together with mush, (11) they made my drinking water disappear. | |
| I, 12 | elīli nubū ḫidūti sipdi | e-li-li nu-bu-ú ḫi-du-ti si-ip-di | Mein Jubel ist Wehklage, meine Freude Trauer. | My song of joy – a sad elegy, my joy – sadness. | |
| Invocation | I, 13 | i-zi-za-nim-ma ilânimeš rabûtimeš ši-ma-a da-ba-bi | izizanimma ilāni rabūti šīma dababi | Tretet herbei, ihr grossen Götter, hört meine Anklage! | Stand by my side, great gods, listen to my presentation! |
| The figurine | I, 15 | e-pu-uš ṣalam amêlkaššapi-ia5 u fkaššapti-ia5 (16) ša e-piš-ia5 u muš-te-piš-ti-ia5 (17) aš-kun ina šap-li-ku-nu-ma a-dib-bu-ub di-ni | epūš ṣalam kaššapiya u kaššaptiya (16) ša epišia u muštēpištya (17) aškun ina šaplikunu-ma adibbub dini | Ich habe gefertigt die Figur meines Zauberers und meiner Zauberin, (16) meines Behexers und meiner Behexerin, (17) habe sie euch zu Füssen gelegt und bringe meine Rechtssache vor: | I made the figure of my enchanter or my enchantress (16) of my sorcerer or my sorceress: (17) I put it at your feet and present my case to you as in a trial: |
| The prosecution | I, 18 | áš-šú i-pu-šá lim-ni-e-ti iš-te-ߴ-a la ba-na-a-ti (19) ši-i li-mut-ma a-na-ku lu-ub-luṭ | aššu ipušu limnēti išteߴa lā banāti (19) šī limut-ma anāku lubluṭ | Weil sie Böses getan hat, nach šchlimmem getrachtet, (19) möge sie sterben, ich aber am Leben bleiben! | because he did the wrong thing, he looked for what is ugly, (19) may it (!) die, but may I stay alive! |
| I, 20 | kiš-pu-šá ru-ḫu-šá ru-su-ú-šá lip-pa-áš-ru | kišpušu ruḫušu rusūša lippašru | Ihre Zauberei, ihr Spuk, ihre Hexerei mögen gelöst sein! | May his witchcraft, his evil eye his calamity dissolve! | |
| Liberation | I, 21 | iṣbînu lil-lil-an-ní šá qim-ma-tú ša-ru-ú (22) iṣgišimmaru lip-šur-an-ni ma-ḫi-rat kalu-ú šâru | bīnu lillilanní ša qimmatu šāru (22) gišimmaru lipšuranni maḫīrat kalū šâru | Die Tamariske mache mich rein, die im Wipfel hochgewachsen ist! (22) Die Dattelpalme löse mich, die den ganzen Wind auffängt! | May the tamarisk cleanse me, the branch grown on top of the tree! (22) May it free me the foliage of the palm tree, which unfolds in the wind. |
| I, 23 | šammaštakal li-bi-ban-ni šá irṣitimtim mala-a-ta (24) terînatu lip-šur-an-ni šá še-am ma-la-a-ta | maštakal libibanni ša irṣitim malāta (24) terīnatu lipšuranni ša šām malāta | Das maštakal-Kraut mache mich glänzend, das die Erde füllt! (24) Der Tannenzapfen löse mich, der voll ist von Samen! | May the mashtakal grass make me shine with light, (the lawn) covering the ground! (24) May the pine cones set me free, that are full of seeds! | |
| I, 25 | ina maḫ-ri-ku-nu e-te-lil ki-ma šamsassati (26) e-te-bi-ib az-za-ku ki-ma la-ar-di | ina maḫrīkunu etelil kēma sassati (26) etebib azzaku ēma lardi | Vor euch bin ich hell geworden wie Gras, (26) bin glänzend, rein geworden wie Nardengras. | In front of you I am shining like grass, (26) I am serene, I am pure like the soap plant! | |
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Appendix 16.2
(syllabic transcription) |
Meier |
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| I, 95 | at-ta dnus[ku dai]ânu ka-šid lim-nu u a-a-bi kušus-su-nu-ti-ma ana-ku la aḫ-ḫab-bil | attā Nus[ku dai]ānu kašid limnu u ābi kušussunuti-ma āku lā aḫḫabbil | Du, Nus[ku, Ri]chter, der da fängt Böse und Feinde, fange sie, während ich nicht zugrundegehe! | Thou, O Nusku, the judge who captures the evil one and the enemy, take them in hand so that I do not perish! |
| I, 96 | šá ṣalmânimeš-ia5 ib-nu-u bu-un-na-an-ni-ia5 u-maš-ši-lu4 | ša ṣalmāniya ibnu bunnannīya umaššilu | Die meine Figuren gefertigt, meine Gestalt nachgebildet haben, | Whoever made my image, reproduced my features, captured my face, |
| I, 97 | [pâni-ia5] ú-ṣab-bi-tú kišâdi-ia5 ú-tar-ri-ru | [pāniya] uṣabbitu kišādiya utarriru | die [mein Antlitz] ergriffen, meinen Hals zuschnürten, | (so that on that image) they can shake my neck, they can pierce my chest, |
| I, 98 | irti-ia5 id-i-bu eṣemti-ia5 ik-pu-pu (99) [a-ḫi-ia5] un-ni-šu ni-iš lib-bi-ia5 iṣ-ba-tu (100) lib-bi i[lânimeš itti-ia5] ú-za-an-nu-ú emûqi-ia5 un-ni-šu | irtiya idibu eṣemtiya ikpupu (99) [aḫiya] unnišu nīš libbiya iṣbatu (100) libbi i[lāni ittiya] uzannu emūqiya unnišu | meine Brust stiessen, meinen Rücken krümmten, (99) [meine Arme] schwächten, meine Manneskraft wegnahmen, (100) das Herz der G[ötter mit mir] erzürnten, meine Kraft schwächten, [...] | they can bend my back, they can weaken me [my arms], they can rip out my heart (= genitals), [...]. |
| I, 110 | at-ta dgira qa-mu-ú amêlkaššapu u fkaššaptu | attā Gira qamu kaššapu u kaššaptu | Du, o Feuergott: der den Zauberer und die Zauberin verbrennt, [...] | You, O fire-god who burn the enchanter and the enchantress [...]. |
| I, 115 | qu-mu amêlkaššapu u fkaššaptu | qumu kaššapu u kaššaptu | Verbrenne Zauberer und Zauberin! [...] | Burn the enchanter and the enchantress! Devour my enemies! destroy those who wish me ill! [...]. |
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Appendix 17: Personal names
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Sources: Akkadian text (column 1): Stamm 1939 Namengebung = Stamm, Johann Jakob 1939, Die akkadische Namengebung, Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch-aegyptischen Gesellschaft 44, Leipzig: Hinrichs. |
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Appendix 17.1: Specific deities
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| Qualifications of the deity | (p. 81) dEnlil-nūr-šamē-erṣetim | Enlil is the light of heaven and earth. |
| (p. 228) dEnlil-bēl-nišīšu | Enlil is the lord of his people. | |
| (pp. 115, 250) dEnlil-abi-enši | Enlil is the father of the weakling. | |
| (pp. 115, 250) dSin-īnā-māti | Sin is the eye of the country. | |
| (p. 227) dSin-rāߴim-Ūrim | Sin is Ur's bull. | |
| (p. 368) Ištar-puṭri | Ishtar is my refuge. | |
| (p. 209) fIštar-ummaša | Ishtar is my mother. | |
| (p. x) fIštar-? | Ishtar is queen. | |
| (p. 211) f(?)Ištar-ekalli | Ishtar is my palace. | |
| (p. 215) †dMarduk-šarrani | Marduk is our king. | |
| (p. 144) dMarduk-īrissu | Marduk is wise. | |
| (p. 221) †dMarduk-dayān | Marduk is good. | |
| Benefits received | (p. 187) dŠamaš-mītam-uballiṭ | Shamash cured the dying man. |
| (p. 139) dSin-ḫḫī-iddinam | Sin gave me a brother. | |
| (p. 200) dEšeߴi-Ištar-abluṭ | I looked for Ishtar and I have been cured. | |
| Statements of familiarity | (p. 209) dAnum-kī-abiya | Anu is like my father. |
| (p. 149) dŠamaš-aḫa-rēmanni | O Shamash, you are a dear brother! | |
| (p. 262) Warad-Ištar | Ishtar's servant. | |
| Theologumena | (p. 219) dAnum-muballiṭ | Anu keeps alive. |
| (p. 222) Eama-ilum | Ea is truly God. | |
| (p. 230) Ina-pî-dMarduk-dīnu | In Marduk's mouth is justice. | |
| (p. 232) Ša-dMarduk-ul-i-ni/nu | Marduk's word never changes. | |
| (p. 233) †Anum-pî-dMarduk | Marduk's word is Anu. | |
| (p. 231) Ina-pan-dNabû-ṭēm | My destiny is in Nabu. | |
| Invocations | (p. 178) †dAnum-qīšanni | O Anu, compensate me! |
| (p. 164) dEa-ḫīṭi-ul-īde | O Ea, I don't know my fault! | |
| (p. 83) dŠamaš-Larsa-ē-tamši | O Shamash, don't forget about Larsa! | |
| (p. 102) dNabû-ana-kāša-atkal | O Nabu, I trust you! | |
| (p. 19) dNabû-šēzibanni | O Nabu, remember me! | |
| (p. 179) dNabû-n;ēr-ābibi | O Nabu, kill my opponent! | |
| (p. 204) †Uṣur-awāt-dŠamaš | Observe Shamash's word! | |
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Appendix 17.2: The personal god and divinity in general
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| Questions | (p. 162) Ad(i)-mat(i)-ili | How much longer, O god? |
| (p. 162) Ammēni-ilu | How is that possible, O god? | |
| (p. 162) Minsu-ilu | Why, oh god? | |
| (p. 164) Mīna-aḫṭi-ana-ili | How is it that I have sinned against god? | |
| Benefits received | (p. 300) Mēra-ilum | God made a son. |
| (p. 122) fTukīn-ḫaṭṭi-migriša | (The goddess) has consolidated the scepter of her beloved. | |
| Statements of familiarity | (p. 26) Ilšu-ibnīšu | His god called him. |
| (p. 183) Āmur-illūssu | I saw his divinity. | |
| (p. 299) Ilšu-ellassu | His god is his family. | |
| Theologumena | (p. 129) Ilumma | There is god. |
| (p. 231) Gabbu-ina-qātē-ili | Everything is in god's hands. | |
| (p. 241) Ilum-napišta-irām | God loves life. | |
| (p. 197) Ibbaššâ-ša-ili | It's because of god that it happens like this. | |
| (p. 95) Izzaz-kittum | The truth will triumph. | |
| Invocations | (p. 75) Apli-id(i)-enši-iltum | Take the side of the weak, O goddess! |
| (p. 163) Maṣi-ili | That's enough, oh god! | |
| (p. 166) Ilum-limlik | May god give me advice! | |
| (p. 163) Ātanaḫ-ili/u | Have regard for me, O god! | |
| (p. 170) Ēda-eṭir(AŠ.SUR) | Help the abandoned! | |