Topical index

A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z

Topic	Section	Title
1595 BC: sack of Babylon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
		Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
1 Sam. 8	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
1 Sam. 8:12	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
2 Sam. 24	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
3rd mill. BC	Bibliography	Buccellati F 2014 House
3rd mill. BC (early)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
4th mill. BC	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10 The Fourth Millennium
abecedaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
ābi	Bibliography	Buccellati 2005 Monumental
		Buccellati Kelly- Buccellati 2004 Monumentale
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
		Buccellati Kelly- Buccellati 2007 Question
		Kelly Buccellati 2016 Hurrian
ߵĀbirū	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.19
ʿābirum (Akkadian), ‘he who passes’ (cf. ḫapiru(m))	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
ʿābirū (plural of ḫapiru(m))	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
		Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
ʿābirū (plural of ḫapiru(m)) remote margins	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.1 At the Margins of the Territorial System
Abraham	Bibliography	Buccellati 2007 Yahweh
		de Pury 2000 Abraham
	Notes	6.10.4
Abri Blanchard	Bibliography	Bourrillon 2018 Aurignacian
absence	Notes	1.7
		2.4
		25.1
absence of writing	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
absolute	Bibliography	Buccellati 2007 Yahweh
		Buccellati 2012 Coerenza
		Buccellati 2014 Time
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
		Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
	Notes	1.5
		5.17
absolutist pretense of the state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
abstract concepts	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
abstraction	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2010 Token
		Schmandt- Besserat 2013 Cognitive
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Counting
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
		Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
abum, ‘father’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
accounting texts	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
accounting texts > historical texts	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
Achaemenid period	Bibliography	Hansman 1985 Anshan
Adapa	Excerpts	Jacobsen 1970
administration	Bibliography	Zettler 1987 Sealings
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
administration of power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.4 The Roots of a Counter-State
administrative documents	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.9 Historiographic Specificity
administrative infrastructure	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
administrative mind	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
administrative practices (seals)	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
administrative presence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
administrative records	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
administrative self-management	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
administrative structures	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
administrative system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
administrative systems	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
administrative texts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
administrative triangle	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
aesthetic anthropology	Bibliography	Maquet 1979 Aesthetic
affiliation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
Afghanistan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
agency (human)	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
Agga	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
		Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
Agga of Kish	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
agglutination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
		Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
agglutinative pairing	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
aggregated entity/ies	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
aggregation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
		Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
		Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
		Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
aggregative federation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
aggregative force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.1 The Institutional Impulse
aggregative function	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.4 The Bipolar Dimension of the Expanded Territorial State
aggregative push	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.1 The Institutional Impulse
agnatic relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
agricultural revolution	Bibliography	Bellwood 2004 Farmers
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.7 The Identifiability of People and Places
		Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
agriculture	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
		Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
agriculture (beginning)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
	Notes	3.2
agropastoralism	Bibliography	Buccellati 2008 Origin
		Liverani 1968 Review-g B 1966
Agum-Kakrime	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > Agum-Kakrime and the return of Marduk
aḫaratum, ‘the part behind’ = the region to the left (i.e. eastern steppe)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
aḫ Purattim (Akkadian) = ‘the side/flank of the Euphrates’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
		Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
aḫum (Akkadian) = ‘side/flank’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
Akhetaten (el-Amarna)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Akkad	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Akkadian	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
Akkadian (as language of the administration)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
Akkadian: dictionary	Bibliography	C A D
Akkadian empire	II. The Record	Resources > Map 8: The Akkadian experiment: integration of heterogeneous elements (2300-2200 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
Akkadian ‘empire’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
Akkadian 'empire'	Notes	12
Akkadian kings: legends	Bibliography	Westenholz 1997 Legends
Akkadian (language)	Bibliography	Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
Akkadian literature	Bibliography	Foster 2005 Before
		S E A L
	Excerpts	Foster 20053
Akkadian phonology	Bibliography	Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
Akkadians	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
Akkadian texts	Bibliography	S E A L
		Svard &al 2021 Fear
Aleppo	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
		Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.5
alienation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
alination of land	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
Alle origini della politica	Bibliography	Buccellati 2013 Origins
alliances	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
allogenic impulses	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
allutination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
alluvial plain	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
alphabet	Bibliography	Naveh 1987 Alphabet
altanni vessels	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2016 Hurrian
alteration of landscape	Notes	3.1
alteration of nature	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
amalgamation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
Amarna	Bibliography	Kemp 1977 El- Amarna
Amarna Age	Bibliography	Liverani 1994 Guerra
Amarna letters	Bibliography	Liverani 1998 Amarna
		Liverani 1999 Amarna
Amarna: workmen’s village	Bibliography	Kemp 1987 Amarna
Amar-Sin	Bibliography	Hilgert & Reichel 2003 Drehem
Amduat	Bibliography	Hornung 2007 Amduat
ߵam hāߴāreṣ (עַם הָאָרֶץ Hebrew)	Bibliography	Buccellati 1959 B O 3
Amorite dynasties	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.8 The Amorites
Amorite kingdoms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
Amorite (language)	Bibliography	Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
		Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
Amorite language	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.8 The Amorites
Amorite names	Bibliography	Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
Amorite: onomastics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > Notes
Amorite phonology	Bibliography	Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
Amorites	Bibliography	Buccellati 1963 Testi
		Buccellati 1966 Amorites
		Buccellati 1966 Names
		Buccellati 1992 Ebla Amorites
		Buccellati 1993 Amorrei
		Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
		Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
		Buccellati 2008 Origin
		Burke 2021 Amorites
		Burke 2021 Mercenaries
		Liverani 1968 Review-g B 1966
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.1 Toward the ‘Invention’
		Ch.11 > Notes
		Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
		Ch.12 > 12.5 The Illusion of the Ecumene
		Ch.14
		Ch.16
		Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
		Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.16 > 16.8 The Amorites
	Notes	11.1
Amorites (Bible)	Notes	11.1
Amorites: Bible	Themes	Amorites: Bible
Amorites: Bible (attestations)	Themes	Amorites: Bible > Attestations
Amorites: Bible (perspective)	Themes	Amorites: Bible > Perspective
Amorites: movements	II. The Record	Resources > Map 13: Interpretive models of Amorite movements (2100-1600 BC)
Amorites: onomastics	Notes	16.8
amphictyonic sites	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
Amurru	II. The Record	Resources > Map 16: Amurru, the first steppe kingdom (1500-1200 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
		Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
		Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
Amurru(m)	Bibliography	Marchesi 2006 Lumma
		Sallaberger 2003- 2004 J E O L
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.1 Toward the ‘Invention’
		Ch.11 > Notes
	Notes	11.1
Amurru(m), ‘the westeners’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
anachronism	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
anachronistic interpretations	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
Anatolia	Bibliography	Mora 2008 Entre
		Schmidt 2011 Costruirono
		Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.10 The Remote Margins: The People of the Mountains
ancestors	Bibliography	de Pury 2000 Abraham
ancient demography	Bibliography	Liverani 1968 Variazioni
Ancient Hebrew (grammar)	Bibliography	Weingreen 1959 Grammar
ancient languages	Bibliography	Mnamon
Ancient Mesopotamia	Notes	5.1
Ancient Near East	Bibliography	Melammu
	Monographs	Cities
Ancient Near East: archaeology	Bibliography	Matthiae 2005 Prima
Ancient Near East: architecture	Bibliography	Badawy 1966 Architecture
Ancient Near East: city	Bibliography	Liverani 1987 Città
		Liverani 1997 Ancient
Ancient Near Eastern history	Bibliography	Bryce 2016 Atlas
Ancient Near Eastern religion	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024
Ancient Near Eastern state	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
Ancient Near Eastern texts	Bibliography	Pritchard 1955 A N E T 2
Ancient Near East: history	Bibliography	Liverani 1988 A N E
		Liverani 2014 History
		Van De Mieroop 2016 History
	Excerpts	Liverani 2014
ancient scripts	Bibliography	Mnamon
ancient settlements	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
ancient texts	Bibliography	Enheduana
andirons	Bibliography	Akar Kara 2020 Formation
		Kelly Buccellati 2004 Andirons
	Notes	5.18
animism	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
Ankhesenamun	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.7
annotated bibliography	II. The Record	Annotated bibliography
Anshan	Bibliography	Hansman 1985 Anshan
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.2 Susa
	Notes	7.8
Anshan = Tall-e Malyan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The East
anthropocene	Bibliography	Head 2023 Anthropocene
anthropogenic manipulation of landscape	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
anthropological approach (religion)	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
anthropology	Notes	7.8
anthropology: aesthetic	Bibliography	Maquet 1979 Aesthetic
anthropology: linguistic	Bibliography	Greenberg &al 1980 Linguistic
anthropology: Marxian perspectives	Bibliography	Mintz &al 1984 Marxian
anthropology of symbols	Bibliography	Fernandez &al 1982 Symbols
anthroponyms: Amorite	Bibliography	Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
anthroponyms: Eblaite	Bibliography	Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
Antitaurus	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.8 The Mountain Crescent
Anu	Themes	Kumarbi
ʿanū, ‘Khanaeans’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
Anum	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
apical point	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
apprenticeship	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2012 Apprenticeship
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
		Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
	Notes	1.9
		3.1
aqdamatum, ‘the part in front’ = the region to the right (i.e. western steppe)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
Aramaeans	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
Aramaic	Notes	10.5
		10.6
Aramaic ecumene	II. The Record	Resources > Map 22: The reconstitution of Syro-Mesopotamia: the Aramaic ecumene (745-681 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
Aramaic tribes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
Arameans	II. The Record	Resources > Map 22: The reconstitution of Syro-Mesopotamia: the Aramaic ecumene (745-681 BC)
Aratta	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
archaeological evidence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
archaeological reason	Bibliography	Buccellati 2017 C A R
archaeological surveys: Iraq	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
archaeology	Bibliography	Buccellati 2017 C A R
		Flannery 2012 Temples Inequality
		Meyers 1997 O E A N E
archaeology: Ancient Near East	Bibliography	Matthiae 2005 Prima
		Mazzoni 2011 Studi Oriente
archaeology: Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Matthews 2003 Archaeology
archaeology: Syria	Bibliography	Akkermans- Schwartz 2003 Archaeology
archeological theory	Bibliography	Turner 1987 Rediscovering
archeology	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
architectural horizon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
architectural logogram	Bibliography	Buccellati 2009 Logogram
architectural logogram (Urkesh)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
architectural organization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
architecture	Bibliography	Flannery 2012 Temples Inequality
architecture: Ancient Near East	Bibliography	Badawy 1966 Architecture
architecture: Egypt	Bibliography	Badawy 1966 Architecture
archival structures	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
archives	III. Utilities	Archives
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
		Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
arms-length commerce	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
Arrian: Anabasis	Bibliography	Brunt 1996 Anabasis
		Chinnock 1884 Anabasis
Arrian: Indica	Bibliography	Brunt 1996 Indica
		Mc Crindle 1876 Indica
Arslantepe	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	Notes	7.8
		8.2
Arslantepe = Malatya/Malitiya/Malizi	Bibliography	Arslantepe
		Frangipane 2007 Cretulae
		Frangipane 2010 Economic
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The West
	Notes	7.8
art	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
art	Bibliography	Aruz 2003 Art
		Buccellati 2014 Time
		Marshack 1972 Roots
		Schmandt- Besserat 2007 When
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
art history	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
articulated whole	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
artificial artifacts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.4 The Production of Artificial Matter
artificial horizons	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
artificial matter	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.4 The Production of Artificial Matter
artificial objects: ceramic and metal	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
artistic vision	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
Ašduni-erim	Notes	10.5
Asia Minor	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
Asingeran	Bibliography	Iamoni &al 2022 Asingeran
	Notes	2.2
assembly of free men	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
assimilation (territories)	Notes	14.6
associative driving force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
associative levels	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
associative mechanisms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
Assur	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
	II. The Record	Resources > Map 11: The first multi-regional state: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.14
		Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Assyria	Bibliography	Frahm 2023 Assyria
	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.18
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
		Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
		Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
Assyrian ‘colonies’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.6 Internationalism as a System
Assyrian ‘colonies’ (Anatolia)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
Assyrian ecumene	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
Assyrian Empire	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
Assyrian: Middle Kingdom	II. The Record	Resources > Map 21: The re-establishment of the multi-region: the Assyrian ecumene (911-859 BC)
Assyrian: Old Kingdom	II. The Record	Resources > Map 11: The first multi-regional state: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Assyrian Royal Inscriptions	Bibliography	Liverani 2013 Motifs
Assyrians	Bibliography	Porter 1993 Images
Assyro-Babylonian inscriptions	Bibliography	Barton 1929 R I S A
astrology	Bibliography	Pettinato 1998 Scrittura
astronomy	Bibliography	Pettinato 1998 Scrittura
asymmetrical alliance	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
asymmetrical system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
asyntactic system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
Atal-Shen	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
Atrahasis	Bibliography	Ermidoro 2017 Atrahasis
	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > Atrahasis
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.3
	Themes	Human Ages > Notes
At the Origins of Politics	Bibliography	Buccellati 2024 Origins
Australia	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
author index	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Author search
		MNI: Guide > Author Index
authority	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
		Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
authorship		Authorship
autonomies	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.19
autonomy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.6 The Regional Dynamics
Awan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The East
	Notes	7.8
awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
awareness of heterogeneity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
awāt mīšarim (Akkadian) = ‘words of justice’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
awīlum, 'son of a city' (Akkadian)	Notes	7.4
Axial Age	Bibliography	Jaspers 1953 Origin
	Excerpts	Jaspers 1953
	Notes	1.2
axle of power	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
babtum, Akkadian = dag.gi4.a, Sumerian: ‘a whole of doors’ (= district)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
babtum, Akkadian (= district)	Notes	5.18
Babylon	Bibliography	Bergamini 1994 Babilonia
		D M B
		Giusfredi 2012 Babilonia
		Kriwaczek 2012 Babylon
		Liverani 2016 Imaging
		Meyer- Christian 2012 Babylon
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
		Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
Babylonia	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
Babylonian	Bibliography	Buccellati 1996 Grammar
Babylonian creation myths	Bibliography	Kammerer Metzler 2012 Enuma
		Lambert 2013 Creation
Babylonian (language)	Bibliography	Sanders 2009 Hebrew
Babylonian: New Kingdom/Empire	II. The Record	Resources > Map 24: The territorialization of the frontiers (612-539 BC)
Babylonian policy	Bibliography	Porter 1993 Images
Babylonian: structural grammar	Bibliography	Buccellati 1996 Grammar
Babylonian Theodicy	Bibliography	Oshima 2014 Sufferers
	Notes	4.3
Babylonian unification	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.5 Babylonian Unification: Hammurapi (1792-1750 BC)
Babylonian wisdom	Bibliography	Lambert 1960 Wisdom
Babylon (Kassite)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
Babylon: topography	Bibliography	Battini 2007 Quelques
Bahrain	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Banana names	Notes	1.7
bānū sam’al = mārū sam’al (Akkadian) = ‘sons (of the) right’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
bānū yamina = mārū yamina (Akkadian) = ‘sons (of the) left’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
barbarians	Bibliography	Ivanov 2003 Vizantijskoe
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
		Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
	Notes	6.6
barriers to communication	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
Basha(r) = Jebel-Bishri	Notes	11.2
Basha(r) (mountain) = Jebel Bishri	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.2 Beyond ‘the Four River Banks’
belonging	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
beveled-rim bowls	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 Qraya
		Buccellati 1990 Salt
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 1988 Qraya
		Hopkinson Buccellati 2023 Qraya
	Notes	5.12
		5.19
Bevelled-Rim Bowls (BRB)	Bibliography	Millard 1988 B R B
Bible	Bibliography	Liverani 2009 Oltre
Biblical narrative	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
bidirectional itineraries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
bilateral relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
birth of the first men	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > Birth of the first men
Bishri	Notes	11.1
bītum, ‘tribe’ (literally, ‘house/household)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
borders	II. The Record	Resources > Table 3: The explosion of boundaries
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
		Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
	Notes	6.6
bottom-up	Bibliography	Palmer &al 1981 Canonical
	Notes	12.3
boundaries	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
	II. The Record	Resources > Table 3: The explosion of boundaries
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
boundaries as threshold to an ‘other’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
boundaries: demarcations	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
boundaries of humanity	Bibliography	Sheehan Sosna 1991 Boundaries
		Taylor 2009 Mind
broken tradition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
	Notes	5.19
bronze	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
		Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
Bronze Age	Bibliography	Burke 2021 Amorites
		Burke 2021 Mercenaries
		Mora 2008 Entre
Buccellati, Giorgio	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
built environment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
		Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
	Notes	3.3
		5.4
bull	Bibliography	Balter 2005 Catalhoyuk
bullae	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
bureaucracy	Bibliography	Mc Glynn 2021 Mind
		Sheehan Sosna 1991 Boundaries
		Strauss 1969 Mind
		Taylor 2009 Mind
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
bureaucratical mind	Bibliography	Mc Glynn 2021 Mind
		Sheehan Sosna 1991 Boundaries
		Strauss 1969 Mind
		Taylor 2009 Mind
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
bureaucratic system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
bureucratic mind	Notes	4.9
burial practices	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
Bush, Vannevar	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
Byblos	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
		Zaven &al 2024 Byblos
Byzantine (history)	Bibliography	Ivanov 2003 Vizantijskoe
CAH (Cambridge Ancient History)	Bibliography	C A H
calendar	Bibliography	Cohen 2015 Calendars
		Marshack 1991 Tai
		Stern 2012 Calendars
		Verderame 2006 Calendrier
calendars	Bibliography	Bourrillon 2018 Aurignacian
		Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
		Buccellati 2014 Time
		Ermidoro 2017 Time
		Verderame 2006 Calendrier
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.5 The Invention of Time
	Notes	1.5
		3.1
canalization	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.13 > Notes
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
	Notes	5.4
		10.3
		13.3
canalization (Akkadian ugārum)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.13 > Notes
	Notes	13.3
canals	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > The Tigris and the Euphrates
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch.13 > Notes
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
	Notes	5.4
		10.3
		13.3
canonization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15
canonization of ideology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
cantonal states	Bibliography	Liverani 2003 Israele
capillarity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
		Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
capillarity (territory)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
capital	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
capital city	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
capital city/ies	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
carriages	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
cartographical mentality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
casemate wall	Bibliography	Shiloh 1987 Casemate
Çatal Höyük	Bibliography	Balter 2005 Catalhoyuk
		Hodder 2010 Emergence
		Mellaart 1967 Catal
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
	Notes	3.3
causality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
census	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
		Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
census of David	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
center of clans	Notes	16.5
center of the city	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
centers of government	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
central authorities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
central districts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
central floodplain: Euphrates	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
centralization	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
centralized administration	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
central political control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
centrifugal force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
centrifugal impulses	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
centrifugal movements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
centrifugal tendencies	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
centripetal force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
centripetal policies	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
ceramics	Bibliography	Vidale 2007 Ceramica
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
ceramics: invention	Bibliography	Crescioli 2009 M A
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
	Notes	2.1
ceramics typology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
Chagar Bazar	Bibliography	Mallowan 1947 Brak
chaîne opératoire	Notes	1.4
		3.1
chain of time	Notes	1.5
chanceries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
change	Bibliography	Liverani 2013 Motifs
chariots	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.9 The Role of War
chiefdoms	Notes	2.6
childbirth	Themes	Human Ages
Childe, Vere Gordon	Bibliography	Brami 2019 Invention
		Harris 1994 Childe
		Smith 2009 Childe
Christianity	Bibliography	Ivanov 2003 Vizantijskoe
chronology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
	Notes	1.6
		5.19
citadel walls	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
cities	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
		Weiss 1986 Origins
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024
cities in pre-Islamic society	Bibliography	Brusasco 2008 Mesopotamia
cities: location	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
cities: Mesopotamian sources	Bibliography	Bruschweiler 1979 Ville
cities: Mesopotamia (structural definition)	Bibliography	Battini 1998 Opposition
cities of Elam	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.2 Susa
cities: origins	Bibliography	Liverani 1986 Origini
		Weiss 1986 Origins
cities: planning	Bibliography	Lampl 1968 Cities
cities: political control	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
cities: Sumerian literature (shape of)	Bibliography	Verderame 2010 Imagen
citizens	Notes	7.4
city	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Hudson 2024 Temples
		Pedersen 2010 Cities
		Sinclair 2010 Urban Mind
	II. The Record	Resources > Table 5: The world as a city
	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
		The Core > I: The Great Transformations (50,000-3,500 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5
		Ch.5 > 5.1 The “Need” for the City
		Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
	Monographs	Cities
	Notes	7.2
city: Ancient Near East	Bibliography	Liverani 1987 Città
		Liverani 1997 Ancient
city = architectural whole	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
city as source of authority	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
city: Egypt	Bibliography	Parlebas 1979 Notion
		Vercoutter 1979 Ville
city = logical construct	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
city: Mesopotamian	Bibliography	Van De Mieroop 1997 City
city names	Notes	6.8
city: notion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
city: plan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
city seals	Bibliography	Aruz 2003 Art
	Notes	6.8
city-state	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
		Garfinkle 2013 A N E
		Jacobsen 1970 Towards
		Nichols 1997 City-states
		Stone 1997 City States
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.20
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.5
		Ch.5 > 5.6 The Assumption of Sovereignty
		Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
city-state: end	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.1 The Historical Development
city-states	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
	Notes	5
city-temple	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
city walls	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
civil consortium	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
civilization	Bibliography	Algaze 2008 Ancient Mesopotamia
		Buccellati 2020 Awilis
		Costello 2010 Review Algaze 2008
		Kriwaczek 2012 Babylon
		Marshack 1972 Roots
		Schmandt- Besserat 2010 Token
		Schmandt- Besserat 2013 Cognitive
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Counting
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.1 At the Margins of the Territorial System
	Notes	5.1
clan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
clans: center	Notes	16.5
classical texts	Bibliography	Perseus
clients	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
climate	Bibliography	Issar & Zohar 2007 Climatic
	II. The Record	Resources > Map 2: The three climatic zones
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12
climate changes	Bibliography	Issar & Zohar 2007 Climatic
		Issar & Zohar 2013 Climate
		Liverani 2018 Paradiso
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.6 Climatic Changes
	Notes	12.6
climatic variations	Bibliography	Liverani 1968 Variazioni
climatic zones	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
		Ch.13 > Notes
	Notes	13.2
Code of Hammurapi	Bibliography	Barmash 2020 Laws
		Deimel 1930 Codex
		Harper 1904 Code
		May 2019 Legal
		Richardson 2005 Hammurabi
		Wright 2009 Inventing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
		Ch.15 > Notes
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
		Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
	Notes	5.10
		15.4
Code of Hammurapi (grammar)	Bibliography	Richardson 2014 Grammar
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > Notes
codes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
codes of laws	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
Codrington	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
cognitive mind	Bibliography	Bahn 2009 Marshack
		Marshack 1972 Roots
		Schmandt- Besserat 2010 Token
		Schmandt- Besserat 2013 Cognitive
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Counting
coherence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
		Ch.4 > 4.5 The Scribes
		Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
	Notes	4.5
cohesiveness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.4 Macro-Regions and Multi-Regions
collaborators		Authorship > Collaborators
collapse of the cosmopolis	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
collapse of the first regional system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
collective governance	Bibliography	Fleming 2004 Democracy
collective symbols (seals)	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
collectivity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
colonies	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
		Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
colonies (trade)	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
colonization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
commerce	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Zaven &al 2024 Byblos
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
commercial center	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
commercial network	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
commercial relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
commercial routes	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 6a: Commercial routes
common agreed-upon rules	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
communication	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
communication routes	II. The Record	Resources > Map 4: The great communication routes
community	Bibliography	Smith 1989 Origins
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.8 The Group as Community
	Notes	6.6
comparative perspective	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
comparative studies	Bibliography	Vanderhooft- Winitzer 2013 Literature
comparativism	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
complexity	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.25
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
	Notes	25.4
complex network	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
complex societies	Notes	1
complex societies: evolution	Bibliography	Mc C Adams 1984 Mesopotamian
		Sanders 1984 Demography
		Sanders &al 1984 Evolution
		Wright 1984 Prestate
complex structures	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
compulsory integration	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
computer	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
concatenation of elements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
conceptual space	Bibliography	Michalowski 1999 Sumer Dreams
conclusion	I. The Argument	The Core > Conclusion
confiscation (land)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
conflict	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
		Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
		Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
conflict solving	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
conquest of the steppe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
consensuality	Notes	25.2
constitutional mechanisms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
construction of the environment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
construction projects	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
constructivism	Bibliography	Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
contacts	Bibliography	Hausleiter &al 2023 Material
contemporary societies	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
contextual usage (writing: proto-cuneiform)	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
contiguity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
continuity	Bibliography	Liverani 2013 Motifs
continuity of power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
		Ch.4 > 4.7 Writing as an Index of Control
		Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
		Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
control: definition	Notes	1.10
control over animals and agriculture	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
control over nature	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
control over terrytory	Notes	3.1
control over the territory (as a whole)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
control over the territory (in its components)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
cooperation	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
coordination (scribal schools)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
corvée	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
cosmological roots	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
cosmopolis	Bibliography	Liverani 1994 Guerra
cosmopolis: collapse	Bibliography	Cline 2021 Year
		Drews 1993 End
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
	Notes	17.7
cosmopolis: collapse and aftermath	Bibliography	Cline 2024 Year
cosmopolis: definition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.1
cosmopolis: geography	II. The Record	Resources > Map 17: The geographical basis of the cosmopolis
cosmopolis (LBA I)	II. The Record	Resources > Map 18: The cosmopolis (1500-1400 BC)
cosmopolis (LBA II)	II. The Record	Resources > Map 19: The cosmopolis (1400-1300 BC)
cosmopolis (LBA III)	II. The Record	Resources > Map 20: The cosmopolis (1300-1200 BC)
cosmopolis: origins	II. The Record	Resources > Map 14: The Near East on the eve of cosmopolis (1600 B.C.)
cosmopolitan order	Bibliography	Kant 1784
cosmopolitan period	Excerpts	Liverani 2014 > “International Period”
	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
cosmopoly	Bibliography	Kant 1784
cosmos	Notes	8.6
cost vs. steppe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
counter-state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.4 The Roots of a Counter-State
		Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
		Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
counting	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 1992 Before
		Schmandt- Besserat 2010 Token
		Schmandt- Besserat 2013 Cognitive
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Counting
countriside	Notes	6.2
Covenant Code	Bibliography	Wright 2009 Inventing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > Notes
craft skills	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
crativity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
creation	Bibliography	Dalley 2000 Myths
		Kammerer Metzler 2012 Enuma
		Lambert 2013 Creation
cretulae	Bibliography	Frangipane 2007 Cretulae
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The West
cross-cultural perspective	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
		Vanderhooft- Winitzer 2013 Literature
crown-mound = Kranzhügel	Bibliography	During 2015 Dunnu
		Smith 2022 Kranzhugel
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
	Notes	6.11.3
cultic calendars	Bibliography	Sallaberger 1993 Kalender
cultural construct	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
cultural contexts	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
cultural contrast	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
cultural exchange	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
cultural landscape	Bibliography	Bernbeck 1993 Steppe
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
cultural linguistics	Bibliography	Duranti
	Notes	1.6
cultural unity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
culture	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
		Ivanov 2003 Vizantijskoe
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.9 Culture and Tradition
	Notes	6.6
cumulative process	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
cuneiform	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 1992 Before
		Van De Mieroop 2016 Philosophy
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
cuneiform calligraphy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
cuneiform (Canaan)	Bibliography	Sanders 2009 Hebrew
cuneiform: Hittite sign list	Bibliography	H Z L
		Ruster- Neu 1989 H Z L
cuneiform: syllabary	Bibliography	Malbran Labat 1988 Cuneiform
cuneiform tablets at BM	Bibliography	Sigristetal 1996 Catalogue
cuneiform tablets from Nineveh	Bibliography	Bezold 1889- 1899 Catalogue
		King 1914 Catalogue
cuneiform texts	Bibliography	C D L I
		H A W
		O R A C C
		Rawlinson 1861- 1884 C I W A
		Van De Mieroop 1999 Cuneiform
cuneiform (writing)	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
		Englund 1998 Texts
		Nissen &al 1993 Archaic
cylinder seals	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
Cyprus	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
DABI		Data handling - The DABI program
daḫamunzu	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.7
dams	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
danger	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
Daniel (biblical book)	Themes	Human Ages
Dante Alighieri	Themes	Human Ages
Danube valley	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
data handling		Data handling - The DABI program
data representation	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
dataset	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
David (king of Israel)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
dawn of civilization	Bibliography	Balter 2005 Catalhoyuk
dawn of politics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
dawn of society	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
debts	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
		Hudson 2024 Temples
decision making power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
dedications of temples	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
dedicatory inscriptions	Bibliography	Verderame 2019 Text
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
defensive systems	Bibliography	Battini 1997 Systemes
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
deification (kings)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
delegation of authority	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
democracy	Notes	25.2
democracy before democracy	Bibliography	Fleming 2004 Democracy
demographic expansion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
demographic increase	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
demography	Bibliography	Sanders 1984 Demography
dependence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
depersonalization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
	Notes	5.14
deportations	Bibliography	Oded 1979 Mass Deportations
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.22
Der	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
description of boundaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
desert	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
destruction of citadel walls	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
de-urbanization	Bibliography	Orsi 2011 Khabur
development(al) dynamics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
development of complex societies	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
development of the state	I. The Argument	The Core > Conclusion
dÍD (Sumerogram)	Bibliography	Edzard 1980 Id
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
differentiation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
		Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
differentiation of human groups	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
diffusion of models of production	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
digital approach	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
digital dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
digital humanities	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
digitality	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
digital language	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
digital methods applied to history	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
digital systems	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
		Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
digital text	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
digital thought	Notes	4.3
		5.11
Dilmun	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Dilmun = Bahrain	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
dimorphic system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
dimorphism	Bibliography	Buccellati 1993 Amorrei
dimtu	Bibliography	During 2015 Dunnu
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > Notes
dīnat mīšarim (Akkadian) = ‘verdicts of justice’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
dīnāt mīšarim (Akkadian) = ‘verdicts of justice’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
diplomacy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
	Notes	17.7
diplomatic correspondence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
diplomatic etiquette	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
diplomatic symmetry	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
directionality	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.3 Structural Fragility
		Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
		Ch.5 > 5.16 The Consolidation of Politics
		Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
		Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
directionality of intents	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
disaggregation (strategy)	I. The Argument	The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
discipline: history	I. The Argument	History of the Discipline
disequilibrium	I. The Argument	The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
distribution	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
distribution of population	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
districts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
Divina Commedia	Themes	Human Ages
divine origin of kingship	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
divine qualification (king Naram-Sin)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
divinization of the king	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
divinization of the kingship	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
division	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
division: S and N	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
Diyala (database)	Bibliography	Diy Ar Da
Diyala (Tigris tributary)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
Dmanisi	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
domestication	Notes	4.1
domestication (beginning)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
dominance over nature	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
drought	Bibliography	Barjasteh 2010 Natural Phenomena
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.6 Climatic Changes
		Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
dry-farming Syria	Bibliography	Weiss 1986 Origins
Dugurasu (Eblaite designation of Egypt)	Bibliography	Biga Roccati 2022 Place
dullu (Akkadian)	Bibliography	Tenney 2017 Servility
dunnu	Bibliography	During 2015 Dunnu
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > Notes
dur.an.ki (Sumerian) = ‘the bond between heaven and earth’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.2 Nippur – The Navel of the World
Durkheim, Émile	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
Dur-Kurigalzu	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Dūr-Šarrukīn	Bibliography	Battini 2000 Rapports
		Worthington 2024 Sargon
dwelling	Notes	2.2
dwelling : farming : building	Bibliography	Petrosino 2011 Abitare Arte
	Notes	2.2
dynamics	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
dynamic shift	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
dynastic alliance	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
dynastic deity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
dynastic system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
Ea	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
	Themes	Kumarbi
Eanna (district of Uruk)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
Eannatum	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
	Notes	6.6
earlt Mesopotamian economy	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
Early Bronze Age (EBA)	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
Early Bronze Age: Syria	Bibliography	Smith 2022 Kranzhugel
early cities	Bibliography	Yoffee 2015 C W H
Early Dynastic period (ED)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
		Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
		Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
early Mesopotamian society	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
early societies	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
Early urbanism	Bibliography	Cooper L 2006 Early Urbanism
Ebla	Bibliography	Buccellati 1992 Ebla Amorites
		Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
		Eb D A
		Ebla
		Gelb 1986 Ebla
		Matthiae 1995 Ebla
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
		Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
		Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
	Notes	6.11.4
Ebla and Egypt	Bibliography	Biga Roccati 2022 Place
		Matthiae 2018 Egypt
	Notes	6.11.4
Ebla (archives)	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
Eblaite	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
Eblaite (language)	Bibliography	Buccellati 1995 Eblaite
Ebla royal archive	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
Ebla = Tell Mardikh	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
ecological imperative to trade	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
ecological problems	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
economic anthropology	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
economic dynamics	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
economic exchange	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.5 The Invention of Territory
economic inequality	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
economic relationships	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
economic texts	Bibliography	Buccellati 1963 Testi
economy (Bronze Age Near East)	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
ecumene	II. The Record	Resources > Map 5: The three ecumene
ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
ecumene: illusion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.5 The Illusion of the Ecumene
		Ch.12 > 12.6 Climatic Changes
ecumene: new (the world as a city)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
ecumene(s)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
ecumene: Sumerian, scribal, urban	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
editor		Authorship > Editor
efficiency	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.14 The Functionalization of the Individual
		Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
egalitarianism	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
e.gal (Sumerian) = ekallu (Akkadian): Palace = the ‘great house’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
Egypt	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
		Edel 1997 Vertrag
		Manning 2013 Egypt
		Zaven &al 2024 Byblos
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
		Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
	Monographs	Cities
Egypt (Akkadian Miṣri/a)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Egypt and Ebla	Notes	6.11.4
Egypt: architecture	Bibliography	Badawy 1966 Architecture
Egypt: city	Bibliography	Vercoutter 1979 Ville
Egypt: history	Bibliography	Shaw 2000 History
Egyptian architecture	Bibliography	Badawy 1968 History
Egyptian campains	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.9 The Role of War
Egyptian: dictionary	Bibliography	Faulkner 2002 Concise
Egyptian-Hittite treaty	Bibliography	Edel 1997 Vertrag
		Kitchen & Lawrence 2012 Treaty
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.6
Egyptian toponyms	Bibliography	Hoch 1994 Semitic
Egyptian vocabulary	Bibliography	Wb
Egypt: New Kingdom	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
Egypt: Proto-Dynastic to Old Kingdom	Bibliography	Piacentini 2006 Egitto
Egypt: society and urbanization	Bibliography	Kemp 1998 Anatomy
Egypt: state	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
Egypt: town planning	Bibliography	Fairman 1949 Town
Egypt: urban development	Bibliography	Badawy 1967 Civic
Ekallatum	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Elam	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.3 Subartu and Elam
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
	Notes	7.5
el-Amarna	Bibliography	Liverani 1998 Amarna
		Liverani 1999 Amarna
el-Amarna letter: edition	Notes	17.7
el-Amarna letter ('Great Kings'): translation	Notes	17.7
el-Amarna letters	Bibliography	Schniedewind & Cochavi- Rainey 2015 Amarna
el-Amarna letter ('Small Kings'): translation	Notes	17.7
Elam/Elamtu < Haltamtu	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.3 Subartu and Elam
Elamite ‘federation’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.3 Subartu and Elam
Elamites	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
elders	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
elders of Israel	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
elementary experience	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
Eliade, Mircea	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
elite class	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
el-Kab	Bibliography	Clarke 1931 El Kab
emergence of centralized authority	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
emergence of cities	Bibliography	Ur 2014 Households
emergence of religious thought	Bibliography	Cauvin 2000 Birth
		Schmidt 2011 Costruirono
emergence of society	Bibliography	Hodder 2010 Emergence
emerging elites	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
-emic	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.1 A Range of Perceptions
		Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.1
-emic vs. -etic perspective	Bibliography	Buccellati 2006 Emic
emotional regimes	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
emotions	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
		Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
emotions (Egypt)	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
emotions: history	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
emotions (Mesopotamia)	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
emperor (term)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
empire	Bibliography	Frahm 2023 Assyria
	I. The Argument	The Core > III: The Explosion of Boundaries (2,300-2,100 BC)
		The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.23
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
		Ch.17
		Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
		Ch.9
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
	Notes	9.1
	Themes	The empire
empire as universal state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.6 The Assumption of Sovereignty
		Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
empire of Akkad	Bibliography	Foster 2015 Agade
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
empire (term)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
empirical approach	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
emplacement	Notes	6.10.5
enclosure	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
endemic war	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
end of history	Bibliography	Fukuyama 1992 The Endof History
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
end of Syro-Mesopotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
enduring factors	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
Enheduanna	Bibliography	Enheduana
		Helle 2023 Enheduana
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
	Notes	9.3
Enkidu	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
	Excerpts	George 2000 > Gilgamesh and Enkidu against Huwawa
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Enlil	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Enmebaragesi	Bibliography	Michalowski 2003 Enmebaragesi
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
Enmerkar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.1 Writing
Enmerkar of Aratta	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
Enshakushana (Uruk)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
enterprise	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
enterprise (economics)	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
Enūma elīš	Bibliography	Dalley 2000 Myths
		Kammerer Metzler 2012 Enuma
		Lambert 2013 Creation
	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > Enūma elīš
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
environment	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
		Liverani 2018 Paradiso
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
		Sinclair 2010 Urban Mind
environmental change	Bibliography	Butzer 1995 Environmental
environmental change: Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Issar & Zohar 2007 Climatic
environment and history	Bibliography	Issar & Zohar 2007 Climatic
environment: Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Issar & Zohar 2007 Climatic
ephemeris	III. Utilities	Archives > The ephemeris concept
epic expeditions	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 6b: “Epic” expeditions
Epic of Gilgamesh	Bibliography	George 2000 Gilgamesh
		George 2003 Gilgamesh
Epic of Gilgamesh	Excerpts	George 2000
epics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
epigraphic evidence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
equilibrium	Bibliography	Kant 1784
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.6 The Regional Dynamics
Eridu	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
Erishum (king of Assur)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Esarhaddon	Bibliography	Porter 1993 Images
Eshunna	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
Eshunna = Tell Asmar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
ethnic affiliation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
ethnical identity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
ethnic and tribal developments	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
ethnic composition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
ethnic development	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.1 The Institutional Impulse
ethnic group	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
ethnic groups	Themes	Ethnic
ethnic identity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
ethnic solidarity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
ethnoarchaeological approach	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
ethnoarchaeology	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
ethnogenesis	Themes	Sumerians > Ethnogenesis
ethnography of speaking	Bibliography	Palmer 1996 Theoryof Cultural Linguistics
	Notes	1.6
ethnos	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
-etic	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.1 A Range of Perceptions
		Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.1
etnicies	Bibliography	Smith 1989 Origins
euhemeristic perspective	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
Euphrates	Bibliography	Goedicke 1974 Inverted
		Spalinger 1978 Thutmose
	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > The Tigris and the Euphrates
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch.10 > Notes
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	10.3
Euphrates: central floodplain	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evan	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
evolution	Bibliography	Cavalli Sforza &al 1986 Anthropology
evolutionary anthropology	Bibliography	Cavalli Sforza &al 1986 Anthropology
evolution of complex societies	Bibliography	Mc C Adams 1984 Mesopotamian
		Sanders 1984 Demography
		Sanders &al 1984 Evolution
		Wright 1984 Prestate
evolution of seal imagery	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
exchange	Bibliography	Hausleiter &al 2023 Material
exclusivity of phenomena	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
exemption (taxes)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
exile	Bibliography	Buccellati 1960 Israeliti
expanded state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
expanded states	II. The Record	Resources > Map 7: Nuclear and expanded states (3500-2500 BC)
expanded territorial state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7
		Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
		Ch.8 > 8.4 The Bipolar Dimension of the Expanded Territorial State
expanded territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
expansionist factors	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
experimentation	Notes	4.5
exploitation	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
exploitation of natural resources	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
explosion of boundaries	I. The Argument	The Core > III: The Explosion of Boundaries (2,300-2,100 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
expression	Notes	2.4
expression of emotions	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
		Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
extended household	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
extended mind (Chalmers)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
extra-Mesopotamian powers (cosmopolis)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
extra-somatic perspective	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
extrinsication of thought	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.6 The Logic of Reflection
Eye-Temple	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
eye-temple (Ebla)	Notes	6.10.6
face-to-face communities	Notes	5.3
family	Bibliography	Hochschild 2012 The Outsourced Self
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
family relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
far edges	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
farming	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
fate	Notes	1.1
	Themes	Kumarbi
father: attribute of the king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
father of Amurrum (qualification of Kudur-Mabuk)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
fear	Bibliography	Svard &al 2021 Fear
federation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
federative formula	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
federative seal	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
feminist theory	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
Fertile Crescent	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 2b: The “Fertile Crescent”
figures	II. The Record	Resources
first	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.4 Thought “squared”
first Axial Age	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.2 The First Axial Age
		Ch.4 > 4.1 Writing
first cities	Bibliography	Aruz 2003 Art
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Liverani 2006 Uruk
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
	Notes	1.1
first communities	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Schmidt 2012 Gobekli
first empire	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
first expanded states developed	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
first farmers	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
first great catalytic urbanization	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
first poem	Bibliography	Enheduana
first political entities	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024
first political institutions	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
first settlements	Notes	3.3
first Sumerian royal inscription	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
first temples	Bibliography	Schmidt 2012 Gobekli
first urbanization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.3 The Two ‘Urbanizations’
fiscal accommodation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
fish	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
flood	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
	Themes	Kumarbi
floodplains	Bibliography	Marchetti &al 2024 Trends
food crises	Notes	3.2
food crisis	Bibliography	Cohen 1977 Food
food surplus	Notes	3.5
foothills	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6 The Foothill Region
force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
		Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
Force-Directed Graph	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Graphical Representations - Force-Directed Graph
Force-Directed-Graph (MNI)	III. Utilities	MNI > The Force-Directed Graph
foreign	Notes	6.6
foreigners	Notes	6.6
foreign land	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
foreigns	Bibliography	Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
foreign trade	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
Forest of Cedar	Excerpts	George 2000 > Gilgamesh and Enkidu against Huwawa
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
	Notes	8.6.2
formalist approach	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
formal prototype of the state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
form of control over territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
forms of control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
Four Banks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10
four banks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
Four Banks/Four Winds	Bibliography	Michalowski 1999 Sumer Dreams
Four Boundaries of the World	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
four regions of the world	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
Four River Banks	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 3a: The “Four River Banks”
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.7 ‘Mesopotamia’
Four Room House	Bibliography	Shiloh 1987 Casemate
fragility	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.6 Climatic Changes
	Notes	22.5
fragmentation	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
Frazer	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
Frazer, James	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
Freud, Sigmund	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
frontier	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.5 The Illusion of the Ecumene
frontier: retaliation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
frontiers	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12
fugitives	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.19
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
functional boundaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
functionality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.7 Political Ideology
functionalization	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.22
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
		Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
functionalization of individuals	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
functionalization of the individual	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.14 The Functionalization of the Individual
functionalization of the territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
		Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
functionalized people	I. The Argument	The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
functionalized territory	I. The Argument	The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
functional objects	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
funerary offerings	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
garrisons	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
Gasur > Nuzi	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
gate of the city	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
gathering places	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
gayum, ‘clan’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
Geertz, Clifford	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
gender	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
gender and emotion	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
gender identities	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
gender studies	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
Genesis Apocryphon	Bibliography	Avigad & Yadin 1956 Apocryphon
		Fitzmyer 1966 Genesis
		Muraoka 1972 Genesis
geographical and cultural regions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
geographical conditioning	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
geographical conditions	Bibliography	Gelb 1986 Ebla
geographical context	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
geographical contiguity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
geographical image: Mesopotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
geographical layout	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
geographic perception	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
geography	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10
		Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
geopolitical concept	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
geo-political symbolism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
geo-politics	Bibliography	Giusfredi 2023 Vicino
gesture of political unification	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Gilgamesh	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
		Glassner
	Excerpts	George 2000 > Gilgamesh and Enkidu against Huwawa
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
		Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Gilgamesh: king of Uruk	Excerpts	George 2000 > Gilgamesh as king of Uruk
Girsu = Tello	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
		Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
	Notes	6.10.5
		8.7.1
glass	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
glyptics	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
		Kelly Buccellati 2015 Power
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
glyptics: early Mesopotamian	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
GN = Geographical Name	Notes	6.2
Göbekli Tepe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
goddesses of fate	Themes	Kumarbi
god of justice in his land (king’s epithet)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
gods of judgement	Bibliography	Krebernik 2008 Richtergottheiten
golden age	Themes	Human Ages
government	Notes	22.2
governors of Subartu	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.3 Subartu and Elam
grammar	Bibliography	Cassirer 1946 Language
grammatical connections	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
	Notes	4.2
granaries	Bibliography	Nissen &al 1993 Archaic
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
granular structure (scholarly debate)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
graves	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.5 The Invention of Time
		Ch.1 > 1.8 The Group as Community
great blocks of alliances	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
great distances	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
Greater Western Jazira (GWJ)	Bibliography	Smith 2022 Kranzhugel
great kings	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
great powers	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
great rivers	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > The Tigris and the Euphrates
	Notes	10.3
great transformations	II. The Record	Resources > Table 1: The great transformations
	I. The Argument	The Core > I: The Great Transformations (50,000-3,500 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Greek	Bibliography	L S J
		T L G
Greek literature	Bibliography	T L G
grography	Bibliography	Weiss 1986 Origins
groundwater	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
Gulf	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Gutenberg	Notes	4.10
Gutians	Bibliography	Thureau- Dangin 1912 Fin
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
		Ch.12 > Notes
		Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
		Ch.16 > 16.10 The Remote Margins: The People of the Mountains
	Notes	12.4
Gutians: defeat	Notes	12.4
Habuba Kebira	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
Habuba Khebira	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
Hamazi	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Hammurapi	Notes	14.6
Hammurapi (Babylon)	Bibliography	Streck 1999 Hammurabi
	II. The Record	Resources > Map 12: The Babylonian unification: the kingdom of Hammurapi (1750 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14
Hammurapi (king of Babylon)	Bibliography	Charpin 2012 Hammurabi
		Van De Mieroop 2004 Hammurabi
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
		Ch.14 > 14.5 Babylonian Unification: Hammurapi (1792-1750 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
		Ch.15 > Notes
Hammurapi (king of Babylon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.8 The Amorites
Hammurapi (king of Babylon)	Notes	15.1
Hammurapi (king of Babylon): year-names	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > Notes
	Notes	15.1
Hammurapi (of Babylon): ‘prototype king’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
Hammurapi’s ‘law code’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.5 Babylonian Unification: Hammurapi (1792-1750 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
Hammurapi vs. Hammurabi (correct spelling and etymology)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > Notes
	Notes	14.5
Hamoukar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
handicraft	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
ḫapiru(m) (see ʿābirum)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
harbors	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
Hatti	Bibliography	Edel 1997 Vertrag
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
		Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
Ḫattuša	Bibliography	Bittel 1970 Hattusha
Hattusa (Boğazköy/Boğazkale)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Hattusili I (Hittite king, Old Hittite kingdom)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
Hazor	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
hearth	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
Hebrew (language)	Bibliography	Sanders 2009 Hebrew
Hebrews	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
Hebrew sources	Bibliography	Sefaria
Hedammu: offerings	Themes	Kumarbi
hegemonic aggregation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
height of institutional development	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
Helemadin (river)	Bibliography	Barjasteh 2010 Natural Phenomena
helmsman	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
heredity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
hermeneutics	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.26
Hesiod	Themes	Human Ages
heterogeneity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
heterogeneity of components	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
heterogeneous aggregation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
hierarchical nodes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
hierarchical representations (seals)	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
hierarchical structures	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
hierarchy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
		Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
		Ch.5 > 5.16 The Consolidation of Politics
high country	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
high-dimensional information	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
hinterland	Bibliography	D Agostino 2012 Fs Pecorella
	Notes	7.2
Hippodamian plan	Bibliography	Battini 2018 Hippodamian
historical analysis	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
historical development	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.1 The Historical Development
historical dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
historical information	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
historical reality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.5 The Historical Reality
historical realizations	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
historical texts	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
historiographical analysis	Bibliography	Michalowski 2003 Enmebaragesi
historiographical dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.9 Historiographic Specificity
historiographic dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
historiography	Bibliography	Liverani 2021 Historiography
		Lynch 2024 Ph D
		Mc Kenzie & Roemer 2000 Rethinking
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.9 Historiographic Specificity
	Notes	4.10
historiography of emotions	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
history	Bibliography	Liverani 2009 Oltre
		Michalowski 1983 History
		Pace 1978 Structuralism
	I. The Argument	The Core > I: The Great Transformations (50,000-3,500 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.8 The Group as Community
		Ch.4 > 4.1 Writing
		Ch.4 > 4.9 Historiographic Specificity
		Ch.5
history: Ancient Near East	Bibliography	Liverani 1988 A N E
		Van De Mieroop 2016 History
	Excerpts	Liverani 2014
history: Egypt	Bibliography	Shaw 2000 History
history in Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Van De Mieroop 1999 Cuneiform
history of emotions	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
history of the discipline	I. The Argument	History of the Discipline
Hittite campaigns	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.9 The Role of War
Hittite culture	Bibliography	H P M
Hittite empire	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
Hittite Monuments	Bibliography	Hittite Monuments
Hittite myths	Bibliography	Hoffner 1998 Myths
	Excerpts	Hoffner 19982
Hittites	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
Hittite sign list (cuneiform)	Bibliography	H Z L
		Ruster- Neu 1989 H Z L
Hobbes	Bibliography	Hobbes 1651 Leviathan
Hoffner	Themes	Kumarbi
hominids	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
homogeneity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
		Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
homogenous aggregation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
		Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
homoio-scribal/homo-scribal (attitude)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
horizons	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
		Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
horizontal coherence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
horses	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
		Ch.17 > 17.9 The Role of War
house	Bibliography	Buccellati F 2014 House
household	Bibliography	Buccellati F 2014 House
	Notes	5.18
households	Bibliography	Ur 2014 Households
hubris	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
human agency	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
human ages	Themes	Human Ages
human evolution	Notes	7.8
human groups	Notes	5.16
human impact	Bibliography	Butzer 1995 Environmental
humanity	Bibliography	Sheehan Sosna 1991 Boundaries
		Taylor 2009 Mind
humanization	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
humanization of the landscape	I. The Argument	The Core > III: The Explosion of Boundaries (2,300-2,100 BC)
human psyche	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
hunter-gatherers	Notes	1
hurbanization	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
Hurrian city-state model	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 7a: Hurrian city-state model
Hurrian city-state model: the outher boundary	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 7b: Hurrian city-state model: the outer boundary
Hurrian language	Bibliography	Laroche 1980 Glossaire
Hurrian myths	Excerpts	Hoffner 19982
Hurrian religion (Urkesh)	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2016 Hurrian
Hurrian religious practices	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
Hurrians	Bibliography	Finkelstein 1955 Subartu
		Gelb 1944 Hurrians
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
Hurrians at Urkesh	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 1997 Ethnicity
Huwawa	Excerpts	George 2000 > Gilgamesh and Enkidu against Huwawa
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
hydraulic landscape	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
hydrical sistems	Notes	3.1
hydrography	II. The Record	Resources > Map 1: Oro- and hydrography
Hyksos	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
hymn of Enheduanna	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
hypostatization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
Ibbi-Sin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
ʿibrîm (gentilic adjective), ‘Hebrews’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
ʿibrum (Amorite), ‘extended family’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
ʿibrum = ebērum (Akkadian), ‘gone beyond’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
		Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
iconographic analysis	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
iconography	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
ideal king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
ideal paradigms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.15 The King as Surrogate of the Personal Factor
identity	Bibliography	Burke 2021 Amorites
		Burke 2021 Mercenaries
		Kelly Buccellati 2015 Power
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
	Notes	5.16
identity: groups	Bibliography	Turner 1987 Rediscovering
identity (language)	Bibliography	Sanders 2009 Hebrew
ideograms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
ideological awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
ideological control	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
ideological implications	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
ideological landscape	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
	II. The Record	Resources > Map 6: The ideological landscapes
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
ideological landscapes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
		Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
ideological level	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
ideological manifesto	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
ideological re-invention	Notes	10
ideological support	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
ideological symbols	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > The differential impact of spirituality in politics
ideologies	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
ideology	Bibliography	Liverani 2021 Historiography
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.25
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
ideology and religion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
ideology: canonization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
ideology of command	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.7 Political Ideology
ideology of conquest	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
ideology of kingship	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
ideology of the conquest	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
Idlurugu/Ilurugu (Sumerian) = ordeal river	Bibliography	Edzard 1980 Id
		Krebernik 2008 Richtergottheiten
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.4
Igigi	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > The Tigris and the Euphrates
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.3
Iliad	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
image and power	Bibliography	Porter 1993 Images
imagination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
imperial concept	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.24
imperial control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
imperial ecumene	II. The Record	Resources > Map 23: The reconstitution of the cosmopolis: the imperial ecumene (680-629 BC)
imperial ‘experiment’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
imperial experiment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
imperial identity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
imperialistic conflict	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
imperial model	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
imperial peace	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
imperial people	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.24
imperial provinces	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
imperial syndrome	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
imperial unification	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
imposition of tariffs on goods	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
Inanna/Ishtar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
	Notes	6.7
incarnation of the absolute	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
indebtedness	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
independence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
India	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
indication	Notes	2.4
individual	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.14 The Functionalization of the Individual
individual possession	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
individuals	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
individual wealth	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
industrial aspect	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
industrialization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
industrial level	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
industry	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
inequality	Bibliography	Flannery 2012 Temples Inequality
inequality (economy)	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
inference	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
		Schloen 2001 Houseofthe Father
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
	Notes	1
	Themes	Sumerians > The role of inference
information	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
inheritance	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.26
inner-referential” interpretation	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
inner-referentiality	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
innovation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
institution	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
		Ch.8 > 8.1 The Institutional Impulse
institutional authority	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
institutional development	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
institutional expansion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
institutionalization of conflict	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
institutional structuring	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
institutional transformations	Bibliography	Kant 1784
institution of kingship	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
institutions	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
		Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
instrumentalism	Bibliography	Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
integration	Bibliography	Spineto 2008 Integrazione
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.4 Macro-Regions and Multi-Regions
		Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
	Notes	6.3
integrative dynamics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
intellectual argument	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
intellectual prosthetic	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
intelligence	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
intents	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
interactive margins	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.1 At the Margins of the Territorial System
intercalation	Bibliography	Ermidoro 2017 Time
interdisciplinary approach	Bibliography	Hausleiter &al 2023 Material
inter-dynastic marriage	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.3 Structural Fragility
inter-dynastic marriages	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
interdynastic marriages	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
inter-dynastic marriages	Notes	17.7
interest	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
internal cohesion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
internal organization (state)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
international	Notes	6.6
international equilibrium	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
international horizon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
internationalism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17
		Ch.17 > 17.6 Internationalism as a System
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
international law	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
international order	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
international period	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
		Liverani 1994 Guerra
		Zaven &al 2024 Byblos
International Period	Excerpts	Liverani 2014 > “International Period”
international period	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.6 Internationalism as a System
international relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.6 The Regional Dynamics
		Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
international trade	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
		Zaven &al 2024 Byblos
internationl diplomacy	Bibliography	Liverani 1994 Guerra
interpretation	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
interpretation: phenomena	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
interstate relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
interurban awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.7 The Politicization of the Pantheon
introspection	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
intuition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
invention	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Time
		Golden Toohey 1997 Inventing Ancient Culture
		Sanders 2009 Hebrew
		Vivaldi 1725 Cimento
	Notes	1
		1.5
		2.5
	Themes	Invention
invention of Mesopotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.1 A Range of Perceptions
invention of territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.5 The Invention of Territory
involvement of the king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
Iran	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Iraq: archaeological surveys	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
Iron Age	Bibliography	Mora 2008 Entre
irrigation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
irrigation systems	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
Ishbi-Erra (king of Isin)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
Ishme-Dagan (Shamshi-Adad’s son, governor in Ekallatum)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Ishtar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Isin	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.18
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14
		Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
Isin-Larsa	II. The Record	Resources > Map 10: The first split: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
isolation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
Israel	Bibliography	Liverani 2009 Oltre
		Liverani 2021 Historiography
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
Israel: planning (city)	Bibliography	Shiloh 1978 Elements
		Shiloh 1987 Casemate
IT specialist		Authorship > IT specialists
Jacobsen	Notes	8.7.2
Jebel Aruda	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
Jebel Bishri	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.1 Toward the ‘Invention’
		Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
Jemdat-Nasr period (ca. 3000-2850 BC = Early Bronze Age I)	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
Jemdet Nasr	Bibliography	Brice 1979 Jemdet
		Jemdet Nasr
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	8.6.2
Jemdet Nasr tablets	Bibliography	Jemdet Nasr
		Matthews 1992 Jemdet Nasr
jezirah (Arabic, جزيرة) = ‘island’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
Johannes Gutenberg	Bibliography	Childress 2008 Gutenberg
joining cities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
judges	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
judicial decisions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
juridical system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
justice	Bibliography	Cartabia 2011 Esperienza Elementare
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
kalam, Sumerian = land	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
kalam (Sumerian) = ‘land’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
kalam (Sumerian) = mātum (Akkadian): ‘country’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
kalam (Sumerian) = mātum (Akkadian): ‘country > people’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
Kanesh = Kültepe	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
Kanesh/Kültepe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
		Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
Karatepe	Bibliography	Hawkins 1995 Karkamish
Karduniash	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
Karkemish	Bibliography	Hawkins 1980 Karkamis
		Hawkins 1995 Karkamish
Karkemish (Jarablus)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
		Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.5
kārum (Akkadian) = ‘market place, (lit. harbor)’	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
kārum, Akkadian = ‘shore/market’ (commercial place in Anatolia)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
		Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
Karun (Tigris tributary)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
KASKAL.KUR	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
Kassite Babylon (Karduniash)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Kassite Babylon = Middle Babylonian kingdom	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
Kassite kingdom	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.4 Macro-Regions and Multi-Regions
Kassites	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.18
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
		Ch.16 > 16.10 The Remote Margins: The People of the Mountains
		Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
		Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
Kengir ‘league’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Khabur	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Khabur (Euphrates tributary)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
Khana	II. The Record	Resources > Map 15: The expansion of the kingdom of Khana to the steppe (1750-1600 BC)
Khanaeans	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
Khorsabad	Bibliography	Loud 1938 Khorsabad
		Worthington 2024 Sargon
KI.EN.GI KI.URI	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
KI.EN.GI (Sumerian) = ‘league’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
king and the absolute	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
king as advocate	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.15 The King as Surrogate of the Personal Factor
king as a ‘father’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
king as father	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.15 The King as Surrogate of the Personal Factor
king as judge	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
		Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
king as priest	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
king as shepherd	Bibliography	Anthonioz 2020 Shepherd
		Ivy Ewald 2010 Shepherd
	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > Agum-Kakrime and the return of Marduk
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
		Ch.15 > Notes
		Ch.5 > 5.15 The King as Surrogate of the Personal Factor
	Notes	3.7
king as supreme judge	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
		Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
king as warrior	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
king (authority)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
kingdom of Khana	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
kingdom of the sea lands	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
king: face-to-face relationship	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
king/g(G)od(s) as shepherd	Bibliography	Westenholz 2004 Shepherd
King of Ashan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The East
King of Awan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The East
King of Elam	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.2 Susa
		Ch. 7 > 7.6.3 Subartu and Elam
king of Kish	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
king of Kish (title)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
King of Kish: title	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
king of Mari and Khana	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
king of Sumer	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
king of Sumer and Akkad (royal title)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
King of the Four Banks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
king of the four river banks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
king = personal factor	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.15 The King as Surrogate of the Personal Factor
kingship	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
	Notes	6.5
kingship dropping from the sky	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
kingship in heaven	Themes	Kumarbi
kings of Akkad	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
king (terminology)	Notes	6.6
kins as shepherd	Notes	15.5
kinship	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
kinship-based polities	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
kinship bond	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
Kish	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Kish = Al-Ukhaimir	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
Kish as the first ‘Mesopotamian’ state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
Kish tradition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
Kish, Uruk	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
kišpū (Akkadian)	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
kiššatum (Akkadian) = control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
kittum u mīšarum (Akkadian) = ‘truth and justice’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
Ki-Uri = Sumerian for ‘the land of Akkad’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
Kizzuwatna	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.10 The Remote Margins: The People of the Mountains
knapping of flints	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
knowledge of the productive chain	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
Kranzhügel	Bibliography	During 2015 Dunnu
		Smith 2022 Kranzhugel
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
	Notes	6.11.3
Kudur-Mabuk	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
kudurru (Akkadian)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
	Notes	5.9
kudurru (Akkadian) = land stone-markers	Bibliography	Gelb Steinkeller Whiting 1991 Ancient Kudurrus
Kullab (district of Uruk)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
Kültepe = Kanesh	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
	Notes	8.6.2
Kumarbi	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
		Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
	Themes	Human Ages
		Kumarbi
Kumarbi cycle	Themes	Human Ages
Kumarbi Cycle	Themes	Kumarbi
Kumme (ancient Hurrian city)	Themes	Kumarbi
KUR Elam	Notes	7.5
labor	Bibliography	Flannery 2012 Temples Inequality
labor organization	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
lack of scribal system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
Lagash	Bibliography	Gelb 1986 Ebla
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
		Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
		Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
Lagash = al-Hiba	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
		Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
	Notes	6.10.5
		8.7.1
Lagash-Umma war	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
	Notes	6.6
land	Bibliography	Butzer 1995 Environmental
land: alienation	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
land demarcation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
landed property	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
Land of the Four Banks (Rivers)	I. The Argument	The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
Land of the Four River Banks (map)	II. The Record	Resources > Map 3: The “Land of the Four River Banks”
landowners	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
land ownership	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
land: privatization	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
landscape	Bibliography	Pedersen 2010 Cities
		Weiss 1986 Origins
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
landscapes: ideological	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
land tenure	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
land use	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
language	Bibliography	Billig 1995 Banal
		Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
		Buccellati 2014 Time
		Cassirer 1946 Language
		Foley 1991 Immanent Art
		Gschnitzer &etal 1992 Volk
		Harland 1987 Superstructuralism
		Hawking 2018 Questions
		Ivanov 2003 Vizantijskoe
		Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
		Sokolowski 1978 Presence Absence
	Excerpts	Buccellati 2014
		Hawking 2018
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.6 The Reification of Thought
	Notes	1.6
		4.3
		6.6
		8.7.2
	Themes	Language
language: origins	Bibliography	Facchini 2002 Origini
		Johansson 2005 Language
		Johansson 2021 Dawn
language/religion	Notes	1.6
language: thought	Bibliography	Gadamer 1976 Philosophical Hermeneutics
language > writing	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
large institutions (i.e., palace & temple)	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > Notes
Larsa	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14
		Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
		Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
Late Bronze Age	Bibliography	During 2015 Dunnu
Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200 BC)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
Late Chalcholithic	Bibliography	Iamoni &al 2022 Asingeran
	Notes	2.2
Late Uruk period (ca. 3400-3000 BC = Late Chalcolithic 5)	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
law	Bibliography	Simoncini 2011 Esperienza Elementare
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5
law code	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
leaders	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
leadership	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.7 Political Ideology
league	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
	Notes	8.7.2
Lebanon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Lebensraum	Bibliography	Smith 1980 Ratzel
	I. The Argument	The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.3 The Imperial Genius
		Ch.11 > Notes
		Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
	Notes	11.3
left	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
legacy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
legends of Akkadian kings	Bibliography	Westenholz 1997 Legends
legitimation	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
legitimation of political power	Bibliography	Liverani 2017 Assyria
Leopardi	Notes	1.1
letters (Mesopotamia)	Bibliography	Oppenheim 1967 Letters
le’ūm (Akkadian) = ‘capable of obtaining results > qualified’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
Leviathan	Bibliography	Hobbes 1651 Leviathan
lexical semantics	Bibliography	Svard &al 2021 Fear
limitation of contacts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
limitations	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
limited sovereignity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
limits (research)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
limits to geographical imagination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
linear index	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Linear vs. Multinodal Indices
linguistic anthropology	Bibliography	Duranti
		Greenberg &al 1980 Linguistic
Lipit-Ishtar (king of Isin)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
Lipit-Ishtar’s ‘law code’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
literary motifs	Bibliography	Liverani 2013 Motifs
literature	Bibliography	Vanderhooft- Winitzer 2013 Literature
literature and politics	Bibliography	Vanderhooft- Winitzer 2013 Literature
local autonomy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
logic	Bibliography	Cassirer 1946 Language
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.6 The Logic of Reflection
logical connections	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.7 Writing as an Index of Control
logical thought	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
logograms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
long-distance commercial network	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
long distances (in trade)	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
long-distance trade	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
longue durée	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.1 The “Need” for the City
		Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
lord = Sumerian ‘en’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
Lothal	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
lowe Balikh (Euphrates tributary)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
lower Khabur (Euphrates tributary)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
lower Mesopotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
	Notes	10.2
lower sea	Notes	10.2
lower sea = the Gulf	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
Ludlul bēl nēmeqi	Bibliography	Oshima 2014 Sufferers
lugal Kengir	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
LUGAL NIM.KI (Sumerian)	Notes	7.6
LUGAL (Sumerogram) = king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.4
LUGAL (Sumerogram) = šarrum (Akkadian): king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
Lugal-zagesi	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
		Ch.10 > Notes
Lugal-zagesi (king of Uruk)	Notes	10.5
Lugal-zagesi (royal inscription)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
		Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.5
LUMMA	Bibliography	Marchesi 2006 Lumma
luxory objects	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
luxury as correlative to power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
luxury goods	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
macro-region	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.4 Macro-Regions and Multi-Regions
		Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Magan	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
Magan = shore in northwestern Indian peninsula	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
magic	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
Malgium	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
manifest destiny	Bibliography	Heidler 2003 Manifest
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.3 The Imperial Genius
		Ch.11 > Notes
	Notes	11.3
man in Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
manipulation of territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
manipulation of thought and words	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
manufacturing process	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
maps	II. The Record	Resources
		Resources
Marduk (polyad god of Babylon)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
Marett	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
margins of the territorial system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.1 At the Margins of the Territorial System
Mari	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
		Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
		Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
		Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
		Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
		Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
		Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
		Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
	Notes	6.11.2
Mari = Tell Hariri	Bibliography	Fleming 2004 Democracy
		Margueron 2003 Art
	II. The Record	Resources > Map 11: The first multi-regional state: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
market	Bibliography	Hochschild 2012 The Outsourced Self
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
markets	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
Marshack, Alexander	Bibliography	Bahn 2009 Marshack
marshes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
MAR.TU	Bibliography	Marchesi 2006 Lumma
		Sallaberger 2003- 2004 J E O L
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.1 Toward the ‘Invention’
		Ch.11 > Notes
		Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
	Notes	11.1
mārū ālim (Akkadian) = dumu.meš uru (Sumerian), ‘sons of the city’ = citizens	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
mārū sam’al (Akkadian) = bānū sam’al, ‘sons (of the) right’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
mārū ugārim, ‘sons (of the) irrigation district > farmers’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
mārū ugārim, ‘sons of the irrigation district’ = peasants	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
mārū yamina (Akkadian) = bānū yamina, ‘sons (of the) left’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
Marxian perspectives on anthropology	Bibliography	Mintz &al 1984 Marxian
Marx, Karl	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
material culture	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
matrimonial politics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
matrix	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
mātum elītum (Akkadian) = ‘upper country’ (Khabur)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
		Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
mātum elītum = upper land	Notes	10
mechanisms of control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
mechanisms of power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
media awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
Median period	Bibliography	Hansman 1985 Anshan
Meluhha	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
Meluhha = shore in northwestern Indian peninsula	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
Memex (program)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
memory	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
mental landscapes	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
mental maps	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
mental structures of the world	Bibliography	Michalowski 1999 Sumer Dreams
merchant (Akkadian and Sumerian languages)	Notes	8.6.2
merchants	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
Mersin-Yumuktepe	Bibliography	Caneva 2004 Yumuktepe
		Caneva 2010 Yumuktepe
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
	Notes	7.9
Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Algaze 2008 Ancient Mesopotamia
		Costello 2010 Review Algaze 2008
		Finkelstein 1962 Mesopotamia
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.7 ‘Mesopotamia’
Μεσοποτᾰμία	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
Mesopotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
Μεσοποτᾰμία	Notes	10.7
Mesopotamia: archaeology	Bibliography	Matthews 2003 Archaeology
Mesopotamia (Greek term: Μεσοποτᾰμία)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.7
Mesopotamian ‘advantage’	Bibliography	Algaze 2001 Initial
Mesopotamian chronology	Bibliography	Gasche 1998 Chronology
Mesopotamian city	Bibliography	Van De Mieroop 1997 City
Mesopotamian ‘experiment’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
Mesopotamian heritage	Bibliography	Melammu
Mesopotamian history	Bibliography	Von Soden 1985 Einfuhrungen
Mesopotamian King Lists	Bibliography	Michalowski 2012 King
Mesopotamian kingship	Bibliography	Frankfort 1948 Kingship
Mesopotamian letters	Bibliography	Oppenheim 1967 Letters
Mesopotamian literature	Bibliography	Verderame 2006 Calendrier
Mesopotamian man	Bibliography	Buccellati 2020 Awilis
Mesopotamian myths	Bibliography	Dalley 2000 Myths
Mesopotamian political evolution	Bibliography	Mc C Adams 1984 Mesopotamian
Mesopotamian politics	Bibliography	Buccellati 2013 Origins
		Buccellati 2024 Origins
		Moscati 1997 Imperi
		Oppenheim 1964 Mesopotamia
		Von Soden 1985 Einfuhrungen
Mesopotamian powers (cosmopolis)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Mesopotamian reasoning	Bibliography	Bottero 1992 Reasoning
Mesopotamian religion	Bibliography	Buccellati 2012 Quando
		Lynch 2024 Ph D
Mesopotamian religion (companion website)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
Mesopotamian society	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
Mesopotamian ‘State’	Bibliography	Edzard 1957 Zweite
Mesopotamian 'State'	Notes	8.7.3
Mesopotamia religion	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024
Mesopotamia: South and North	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 3c: Norther and Southern Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia (term)	Bibliography	Avigad & Yadin 1956 Apocryphon
		Brunt 1996 Anabasis
		Brunt 1996 Indica
		Chinnock 1884 Anabasis
		Finkelstein 1955 Subartu
		Fitzmyer 1966 Genesis
		Mc Crindle 1876 Indica
		Muraoka 1972 Genesis
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10
	Themes	Mesopotamia
metals	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
	Notes	3.4
		7.4
	Themes	Human Ages
metals (personification)	Notes	7.4
metal weapons	Notes	3.4
meta-perception	Bibliography	Bourrillon 2018 Aurignacian
		Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
		Buccellati 2014 Time
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
		Cauvin 2000 Birth
		Cohen 2015 Calendars
		Hodder 2010 Emergence
		Schmidt 2011 Costruirono
		Ur 2014 Households
		Verderame 2019 Text
	Notes	3.1
metaphorical extension	Bibliography	Ur 2014 Households
metaphor of model-making	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
methodology in historical research	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
metodology	Themes	Metodology
metropolies	Bibliography	Simmel 1903 Die Grosstadte
Middle Assyrian Empire	Bibliography	During 2015 Dunnu
Middle Babylonian kingdom = Kassite Babylon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
Middle Bronze Age	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
Middle Euphrates	Bibliography	D Agostino 2012 Fs Pecorella
		Geyer Montchambert 1987 Prospection
middle Euphrates	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
migrants	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
military activities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
military chief = Sumerian ‘lugal’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
military chief = Sumerian 'lugal'	Notes	6.6
		8.7.2
military conscription	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
military dynamics	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
military expansion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
military force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
military power	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
military support	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
military technique	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
mīlum, Akkadian = flood	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
missionaries	Bibliography	Ivanov 2003 Vizantijskoe
Mittani	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.18
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
		Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
		Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
		Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Mittani kigdom	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Mittani kingdom	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.4 Macro-Regions and Multi-Regions
mobility	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
model of the tribe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
modern conceptual frameworks	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
modern theoretical constructs	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
modes of being (semiotics)	Notes	2.4
money	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
monumental architecture	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
monumental buildings	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
monumentality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
monumentalization of the word	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
Mother-Goddess	Bibliography	Balter 2005 Catalhoyuk
mother goddesses	Themes	Kumarbi
motherland	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
		Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
		Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
mountain crescent	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.8 The Mountain Crescent
mountainous landscapes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
mountains	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
		Ch. 7 > 7.8 The Mountain Crescent
mudbricks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
Mukišanu	Themes	Kumarbi
multidisciplinary approach	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
multi-functionality (storage)	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
multinodal index: background	III. Utilities	MNI > Background
multinodal index: generating	III. Utilities	MNI > Generating the Multinodal Index
multinodal index: interpretation	III. Utilities	MNI: Details
Multinodal Index: interpretation	III. Utilities	MNI > Interpreting the Multinodal Index
multinodal index: introduction	III. Utilities	MNI > Introduction
multinodal index: keywords	III. Utilities	MNI > Keyword Extraction
multinodal index (MNI)	III. Utilities	MNI
multinodal index (MNI): author comparison	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Author comparison
multinodal index (MNI): author index	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Author search
		MNI: Guide > Author Index
multinodal index (MNI): generating	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Generating the Multinodal Index
multinodal index (MNI): graphical representation (UMAP projection)	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Graphical Representations - UMAP Projection
multinodal index (MNI): grephical representations	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Graphical Representations - Force-Directed Graph
multinodal index (MNI): interpretation (further)	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Further interpretation
multinodal index (MNI): keywords	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Keyword search
		MNI: Guide > Keyword Index
multinodal index (MNI): keyword’s extraction	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Extracting Keywords
multinodal index (MNI): keywords’ extraction software	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Keyword Extraction Software
multinodal index (MNI) vs. linear index	III. Utilities	MNI: Details > Linear vs. Multinodal Indices
multinodal index: quick-start guide	III. Utilities	MNI: Guide
multi-region	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.4 Macro-Regions and Multi-Regions
multi-region: political dynamics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.6 The Regional Dynamics
Mursili II (Hittite king, Old Hittite kingdom)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.11 Centrifugal and Allogenic Impulses
		Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
myth	Bibliography	Cassirer 1946 Language
	Notes	4.4
		7.4
	Themes	Human Ages
myth and politics	Themes	Kumarbi
mythical idealizazion	Themes	Kumarbi
mythical power	Notes	5.7
mythic idealization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
Myth of ‘Silver’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
Myth of Silver	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
		Ch. 7 > 7.8 The Mountain Crescent
mythological landscape	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
mythology	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Time
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
	Notes	7.4
myth-prince	Notes	5.7
myths	Bibliography	Dalley 2000 Myths
		Kammerer Metzler 2012 Enuma
		Lambert 2013 Creation
		Liverani 2004 Myths
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
	Notes	1.6
		8.7.2
Nagar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Nagar = Tell Brak	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
name	Bibliography	Gschnitzer &etal 1992 Volk
name of the king (use in onomastics)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
names	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.7 The Identifiability of People and Places
	Notes	1.7
names of places	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.7 The Identifiability of People and Places
naming	Notes	1.7
nam.lugal (Sumerian) = šarrūtum (Akkadian) = ‘kingship’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
Nanna/Sin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
Naram-Sin	Bibliography	Michalowski 1999 Sumer Dreams
	I. The Argument	The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
		Ch. 7 > 7.5 The Historical Reality
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
	Notes	10
		10.2
		11.2
Naram-Sin’s victory stela (Pir Huseyn)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
		Ch.10 > Notes
Naram-Sin's victory stela (Pir Huseyn)	Notes	10.5
Naram-Sin: year "t"	Notes	10.5
narrative	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
narrative (core)	I. The Argument	The Core > Narrative
		The Core > Narrative
nascent states	Bibliography	Ristvet 2011 Travel
nation	Bibliography	Billig 1995 Banal
		Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
		Gschnitzer &etal 1992 Volk
		Smith 1989 Origins
	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.20
national	Notes	6.6
national identity	Notes	6.6
national identity: origins	Bibliography	Anderson 2006 Imagined
national identity (origins)	Bibliography	Billig 1995 Banal
national ideology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
nationalism	Bibliography	Billig 1995 Banal
		Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
		Gschnitzer &etal 1992 Volk
nation building	Bibliography	Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
natural crossroads	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
natural phenomena	Bibliography	Barjasteh 2010 Natural Phenomena
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.7 The Politicization of the Pantheon
natural resources	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
nature	Bibliography	Kant 1784
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3
nature of society	Bibliography	Ricoeur 1991 From Text
		Weber 1978 Economy
	Notes	1
navigation-related facilities	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
Navkur Plain	Bibliography	Iamoni &al 2022 Asingeran
	Notes	2.2
Nawar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
Near East	Bibliography	Liverani 2021 Historiography
Nebuchadnezzar II	Themes	Human Ages
necromantic structure	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
neighborhood	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
		Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
νέμειν, némein (Greek) = ‘grazing’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
Neo-Assyrian Empire	Bibliography	Liverani 2017 Assyria
Neo-Assyrian empire	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.1 The Historical Development
Neo-Babylonian Empire	II. The Record	Resources > Map 24: The territorialization of the frontiers (612-539 BC)
Neolithic	Bibliography	Bailey 2005 Figurines
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
Neolithic revolution	Bibliography	Bellwood 2004 Farmers
		Bocquet- Appel 2008 Neolithic
		Brami 2019 Invention
		Childe 1928 Neolithic
		Childe 1936 Man
		Cohen 1977 Food
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
	Notes	3.2
Neo-Marxism	Bibliography	Gatto 2009 Neomarxismo
	Notes	4.4
neutral zones	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
new	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.4 The Production of Artificial Matter
new capital	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
new capital cities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
new conceptualization of territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
new ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
new ecumene: ethnic composition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
new foundations	Bibliography	Liverani 2012 Fondazioni
		Mazzoni 1994 Nuove
new foundation(s)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
new geo-political constructs	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
New Kingdom Egypt	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
new structures	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
Nile’s flow stream	Bibliography	Goedicke 1974 Inverted
		Spalinger 1978 Thutmose
Nina = Surgul	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
Nineveh	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
Nineveh (texts)	Notes	13.3
Nippur	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
		Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Nippur = Nuffar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.2 Nippur – The Navel of the World
Nippur: sacred center of a league (Kengir)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
nomadism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16
		Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
nomadization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
		Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
nomads	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
non-barbarians	Notes	6.6
non-linearity	Notes	4.3
non-starters	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
non-territories	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.24
non-urban interstices	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
normative power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
Northern Ubaid Period	Bibliography	Iamoni &al 2022 Asingeran
	Notes	2.2
notes (core)	I. The Argument	The Core > Notes to the printed volume
		The Core > Notes to the printed volume
notion of market	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
nuclear state	II. The Record	Resources > Map 7: Nuclear and expanded states (3500-2500 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
		Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
nuclear territorial state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
		Ch.6
		Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
nuclear territorial state: hypothesis	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
nuclear territorial states	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
nucleus	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
Nuzi < Gasur	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
oases	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
		Ch. 7 > 7.7 The Steppe
obligations	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
Odyssey	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
oikoumene	Notes	8.2
οἰκουμένη, oikoumene (Greek), ‘the inhabited (world)’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > Notes
Old-Babylonian state	II. The Record	Resources > Map 12: The Babylonian unification: the kingdom of Hammurapi (1750 BC)
onomastics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.7 The Identifiability of People and Places
		Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
onomastics (Amorite)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.8 The Amorites
		Ch.16 > Notes
onomastics: Amorites	Notes	16.8
opulence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
orality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.9 Historiographic Specificity
	Notes	4.4
ordeal rites	Bibliography	Sallaberger 1993 Kalender
ordeal river	Bibliography	Edzard 1980 Id
		Krebernik 2008 Richtergottheiten
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.4
ordeal trial	Bibliography	Edzard 1980 Id
		Krebernik 2008 Richtergottheiten
		Soldt 2005 Ordal
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
order	Bibliography	Buccellati 2018 Voegelin
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
organicism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
organicity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
organizational skills	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
organizing mechanisms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
orientalism	Themes	Racism & xenophobia
orientalism & racism	Themes	Racism & xenophobia > Orientalism and racism
origins of agriculture	Bibliography	Cohen 1977 Food
origins of cities	Bibliography	Weiss 1986 Origins
origins of urban civilization	Bibliography	Matthiae 1995 Ebla
orography	II. The Record	Resources > Map 1: Oro- and hydrography
other ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
otherness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
overinterpretation	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
overpolulation	Bibliography	Cohen 1977 Food
oversimplification	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
Ovid	Themes	Human Ages
pairing of two state-cities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
palace	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
palaces	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
palaces (economy)	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
paleo-Assyrian trade colonies	Bibliography	Trolle Larsen 2015 Kanesh
paleolithic	Notes	7.7
pan-Mesopotamian conscience	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
Pan-Mesopotamian (material culture)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
pantheon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.7 The Politicization of the Pantheon
	Notes	6.7
para-perception	Bibliography	Bailey 2005 Figurines
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
		Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
		Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
		Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	3.1
para-perceptual	Themes	Para-perception
para-perceptual community	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
para-perceptual landscape	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.5 The Invention of Territory
para-perceptual structures	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
para-perceptual system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.3 The Three Fundamental Characteristics
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
para-perceptual ‘tensionality’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
para-perceptual vision	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
Parapotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.7 ‘Mesopotamia’
para-scribal	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
para-scribal conception	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.7 Writing as an Index of Control
para-urban	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
para-urban expansion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
paritetical treaties	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.6
pastoralism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16
		Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
		Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
pastoralism: Mari: ‘Treasure of Ur’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
pasture	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
patron deities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.7 The Politicization of the Pantheon
patterns	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
pax babylonica	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
peculiar characteristics	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
people	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
people and territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
People of the country	Bibliography	Buccellati 1959 B O 3
People of the Mountains	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16
people of the mountains	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.10 The Remote Margins: The People of the Mountains
people(s)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
perception	Bibliography	Buccellati 2012 Coerenza
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
		Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
perception of reality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.7 Writing as an Index of Control
perception of territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
perception: reconfiguration	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
perceptive geography	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 River Bank
	Notes	2.5
perceptual boundaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
perceptual geography	I. The Argument	The Core > III: The Explosion of Boundaries (2,300-2,100 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
	Themes	Perceptual geography
perceptual identification	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
periodization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
peripheral districts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
periphery	Bibliography	Flannery 2012 Temples Inequality
permanent garrisons	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
permanent military organization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
persistence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.5 The Scribes
person	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
personal authority	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
personality	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
personal knowledge of territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
personal names	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.7 The Identifiability of People and Places
personal names: Amorites	Bibliography	Buccellati 1966 Names
phenomenological threshold	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
Philistines	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
philological approach	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
philosophy	Bibliography	Derrida 1968 Pharmacie
		Sini 2012 Sapere Dei Segni
		Van De Mieroop 2016 Philosophy
		Yildirim 2017 Political
Phoenicians	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
phonology: Akkadian	Bibliography	Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
phonology: Amorite	Bibliography	Buccellati 1997 Akkadian & Amorite
physical continuity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
physical (graphic) reality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
physical landscape	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
physical resources	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
Pir Huseyn	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
		Ch.10 > Notes
Piyassili/Sharri-kushukh (Shuppiluliuma I’s son, viceroy in Karkemish)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
Piyassili/Sharri-kushukh (Shuppiluliuma I's son, viceroy in Karkemish)	Notes	17.5
plano-convex bricks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
Plato: memory	Notes	4.1
Plato (Phaedrus)	Notes	1.5
		4.1
Pliny the Elder	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.7 ‘Mesopotamia’
pluralization	Notes	5.5
pluri-vocal	Notes	1.7
policies	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
πόλις	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.16 The Consolidation of Politics
		Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
polis (πόλις, Greek)	Notes	6.2
political absolute	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
political accounts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
political awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
		Ch. 7 > 7.5 The Historical Reality
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
political connection	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
political control	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
political dynamics	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
political evolution in Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Mc C Adams 1984 Mesopotamian
political horizon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
political identity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
political ideologies	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
political ideology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.7 Political Ideology
political imagination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
political independence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
political independency from religion	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > The differential impact of spirituality in politics
political motifs	Bibliography	Liverani 2013 Motifs
political power	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.1 The “Need” for the City
political realism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.6 The Assumption of Sovereignty
political sensibility	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.5 Canonization of Ideology
political structure of society	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
political unity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
political value of religion	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Excerpts from {B}P/Buccellati2024When
politics	Bibliography	Ermidoro 2017 Time
		Liverani 2021 Historiography
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.10 Presages of Politics
		Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
		Ch.5 > 5.16 The Consolidation of Politics
	Notes	5.7
		5.17
		6.4
	Themes	Kumarbi
politics and myth	Themes	Kumarbi
politics and religion	Bibliography	Berlin 1996 Religion
		Frankfort 1948 Kingship
		Holloway 2001 Assur
		Liverani 2004 Myths
		Porter 2005 Ritual
		Yildirim 2017 Political
	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Excerpts from {B}P/Buccellati2024When
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
	Notes	5.7
		5.17
		6.4
politics: definition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
polyad deity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.3 The Role of the Temple
population density	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
population trends	Bibliography	Marchetti &al 2024 Trends
port to the ‘lower sea’ (the Gulf)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
post-history	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
post-imperial (period)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.1 The Historical Development
power	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2015 Power
	II. The Record	Resources > Table 2: The axle of power
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
		Ch.15
		Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
power: administration	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.4 The Roots of a Counter-State
power and image	Bibliography	Porter 1993 Images
precious stones	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
precipitations	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
predictability	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
		Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
preferential treatment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
prehistoric figurines	Bibliography	Bailey 2005 Figurines
	Notes	3.1
prehistoric Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
prehistory	Bibliography	Buccellati 2018 Voegelin
		Cauvin 2000 Birth
		Guidi 2009 Complessita Sociale
		Schmidt 2011 Costruirono
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
	Notes	4.10
pre.industrial demography	Bibliography	Sanders 1984 Demography
pre-modern cities	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
presence	Notes	1.7
		2.4
		25.1
prestate political formations	Bibliography	Wright 1984 Prestate
pre-Sumerians	Themes	Sumerians
Pre-Sumerian substratum	Bibliography	Rubio 1999 Substratum
primary nuclei	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
primary perception	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
	Notes	5.17
primitive democracy	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
	Excerpts	Jacobsen 1970 > Primitive democracy
primordialism	Bibliography	Fedorov & Filiushkin 2016 Istoriya
printing press	Bibliography	Childress 2008 Gutenberg
	Notes	4.10
private	Bibliography	Buccellati 1996 Public Private
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
private law	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
private property	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
		Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
private rights	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
privatization (land)	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
production and redistribution of products	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
productive chain	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
progress	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
		Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
progress (research)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
projectuality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.3 The Three Fundamental Characteristics
		Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
prominence of patron deities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.7 The Politicization of the Pantheon
propaganda	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
property	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
		Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
protective spirit	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
proto-city	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
protocol	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
		Ch.17 > 17.6 Internationalism as a System
protocols	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.8 Foreign Trade
protocol: standardization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
proto-cuneiform	Bibliography	Brice 1979 Jemdet
proto-cuneiform texts	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
Proto-Elamite (language)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.2 Susa
Proto-Euphratian	Notes	1.7
Proto-Sinaitic	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
proto-state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
		Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
proto-state: definition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
proto-tablet	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
province (concept)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
provinces	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
		Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
	Notes	22.2
provincial subdivisions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
pseudo-alphabets	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
psyche	I. The Argument	The Core > I: The Great Transformations (50,000-3,500 BC)
psychological approach (religion)	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
psychological attachment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
psychological experiences	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
psychological impact of writing	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.1 Writing
public	Bibliography	Buccellati 1996 Public Private
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > Notes
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
public and private	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
public law	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
public/private	Notes	5.10
public property	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
purification spells	Bibliography	Scurlock 2011 Rubbing
	Notes	10.4
purification spells (by water)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
Puzriš-Dagān	Bibliography	Sallaberger 2003- 2004 J E O L
Puzrish-Dagan/Drehem	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
		Ch.15 > Notes
	Notes	15.2
Puzrish-Dagan/Drehem (texts)	Bibliography	Al- Mutawalli &al 2017 Drehem
		Hilgert 1998 Drehem
		Hilgert & Reichel 2003 Drehem
		Kang 1972 Drehem
		Nesbit 1914 Drehem
		Tsouparopoulou 2013 Reconstruction
Qadisiyah province	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
QADIS project	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
Qatna	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
Qraya	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 Qraya
		Buccellati 1990 Salt
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 1988 Qraya
		Hopkinson Buccellati 2023 Qraya
	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 4: Uruk
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	6.11
		6.11.2
Qraya = al-Qurayya	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
quantitative and economic data	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
quasi-nation	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.20
Qumran	Bibliography	Avigad & Yadin 1956 Apocryphon
		Fitzmyer 1966 Genesis
		Muraoka 1972 Genesis
rabiān babtim (Akkadian): ‘great of the district’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
racism	Themes	Racism & xenophobia
		Racism & xenophobia > Racism in Ancient Syro-Mesopotamia
radial system of streets	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
rainfall	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
Ramadi	Bibliography	Geyer Montchambert 1987 Prospection
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	6.11.2
range of perceptions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.1 A Range of Perceptions
rapidity and suddeness of transformation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
rationality	Bibliography	Cassirer 1946 Language
RdA/RlA = Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie	Bibliography	Rd A
		Rd Aonline
realignment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
realignment of structural elements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
reasoning	Notes	4.1
reception of the ancient Near East	Themes	Reception of ANE
reception of the ancient Near East: figurative art	Themes	Reception of ANE > Reception in figurative art
reception of the ancient Near East: literature	Themes	Reception of ANE > Reception in literature
reception of the ancient Near East: music	Themes	Reception of ANE > Reception in music
reception of the ancient Near East: translations	Themes	Reception of ANE > Reception in translations
reciprocal equilibrium	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
reciprocal recognizing	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
reciprocal relationships	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
redistribution	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
		Englund 1998 Texts
		Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
redistribution (land)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
redistribution of territory to soldiers	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
referentiality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.9 Historiographic Specificity
reflection	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.6 The Logic of Reflection
reform of Uruinimgina/Urukagina	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
region	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.1 The Region as a Political Construct
regional base	I. The Argument	The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
regional identity	Bibliography	Burke 2021 Amorites
		Burke 2021 Mercenaries
regional state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
regional states	II. The Record	Resources > Table 4: The restructuring on a regional basis
region (political construct)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13
regions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
regulatory system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
reification	Bibliography	Foley 1991 Immanent Art
		Harland 1987 Superstructuralism
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
	Notes	4.3
reification of thought	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.6 The Reification of Thought
		Ch.4 > 4.4 Thought “squared”
relationship between institutions and individuals	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
relationship between people and territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
relationships between city and hinterland	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
relationships between individuals	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
relation to the absolute	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > The differential impact of spirituality in politics
relif	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
religion	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
		Hodder 2010 Emergence
religion	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
		Porter 2005 Ritual
religion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
		Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
	Notes	4.1
		5.7
		5.17
		6.4
religion and politics	Bibliography	Berlin 1996 Religion
		Orlin 2005 Politics
		Porter 2005 Ritual
	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Excerpts from {B}P/Buccellati2024When
	Notes	5.7
		5.17
		6.4
religion and power	Bibliography	Brisch 2008 Religion
religion as a political act	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Excerpts from {B}P/Buccellati2024When
religion as institutional codification of spirituality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
religion: diversity and change	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
religion: psychological approach	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
religion: sociological approach	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
religion: theories and theoretical frameworks	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
religious absolute	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
religious attitudes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
religious beliefs	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
religious buildings	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
religious center	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.2 Nippur – The Navel of the World
religious diversity and change	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
religious ideation	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > The differential impact of spirituality in politics
religious norms as tensional factors	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Excerpts from {B}P/Buccellati2024When
religious practices	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
religious techniques	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
remote margins	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.10 The Remote Margins: The People of the Mountains
repression	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
research group		Authorship > The Research Group
Res Gestae Sargonis	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
resolution of conflicts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
resource control	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
resources	II. The Record	Resources
retaliation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.6 Climatic Changes
retro-expansion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
revolts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.3 Structural Fragility
		Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
right	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
	Notes	5.8
Rim-Sin (king of Larsa)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
Rimush	Notes	7.5
riparian region	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
risk management	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
rituals	Bibliography	Porter 2005 Ritual
rituals at Urkesh	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2016 Hurrian
rituals (seals)	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
river as a means of purification	Bibliography	Scurlock 2011 Rubbing
	Notes	10.4
river deification	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
rivers	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10
		Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
role of war	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.9 The Role of War
roots	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
rotation of governors	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
royal annals	Bibliography	Langdon 1903 Ashurbanapal
		Luckenbill 1924 Sennacherib
royal assignment	Notes	19.3
royal ‘cemetery’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
royal divinization	Bibliography	Glassner 1993 Roi Pretre
royal ideology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
royal inscriptions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
		Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia	Bibliography	R I M E 2
royal propaganda	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.15 The King as Surrogate of the Personal Factor
royal titles	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10
		Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
royal titularity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
royalty	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
rules	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.8 The Juridical System
ruling class	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
rural landscape	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 Terqa
		Liverani 2018 Paradiso
rural population	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
sacred enclave	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Hudson 2024 Temples
sacrifices	Themes	Kumarbi
salinization	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
	Notes	6.11.1
ṣalmāt qaqqadim (Akkadian) = sag.ge6.ga (Sumerian), ‘black of heads’, ‘civil humanity’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
salt	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 Qraya
		Buccellati 1990 Salt
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 1988 Qraya
		Hopkinson Buccellati 2023 Qraya
	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 4: Uruk
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	5.12
		5.19
sam’al, ‘left’ (eastern part of the steppe)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
Samsu-iluna (king of Babylon, successor of Hammurapi)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
Samuel	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
Sargon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
		Ch.10 > Notes
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
	Notes	9.3
		10.5
Sargon (Bible)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > Notes
Sargon II, starry symbols	Bibliography	Worthington 2024 Sargon
Sargon: royal titularity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Sargon = Sharrum-kīn (Akkadian), ‘the king is legitimate/stable’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
šar kibrātim arbaʿīm (Akkadian) = LUGAL UB.DA.LIMMÚ.BA (Sumerogram): king of the four river banks	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
šar mīšarim (Akkadian) = ‘king of justice’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
savage > human	Bibliography	Goody 1977 Domestication
school texts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
science of writing	Notes	4.6
scribal art	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.5 The Scribes
scribal class	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.5 The Scribes
scribal culture	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
scribalcy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
		Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
scribal ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.7 ‘Mesopotamia’
		Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
		Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
scribal koiné	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 5b: The scribal koiné
scribal system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
		Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
scribes	Bibliography	Godart 2023 Scribes
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.5 The Scribes
	Notes	4.1
		4.5
scribes as technicians	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.5 The Scribes
sea as limit of the ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
seal	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
seal impressions	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
sealings	Bibliography	Zettler 1987 Sealings
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
		Ch. 7 > The West
	Notes	5.11
seals	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
	Notes	5.11
seals: collective symbols	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
seals: economic function	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
seals: hierarchical representations	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
seals: imagery	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
seals: imagery (evolution)	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
seals: religious function	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
seals: social function	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
seals: stylistic analysis	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
seals: symbolic power	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
seals: typology	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
Sea People	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
sea: upper vs. lower	Notes	10.2
secondary burials	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
secondary perception	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
second dynasty of Isin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
second ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
		Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
second nature	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.7 Writing as an Index of Control
second urbanization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.3 The Two ‘Urbanizations’
sedentarization	Notes	10.6
sedentary population	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
self-awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
self-consciousness	Bibliography	Buccellati 2012 Coerenza
self deification	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
self-identification of social groups	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
self-identity	Notes	6.6
self-perception	Bibliography	Turner 1987 Rediscovering
	Notes	5.16
semi-arid (climate)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
semi-nomadism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
semiotics	Bibliography	Sini 2012 Sapere Dei Segni
		Sokolowski 2002 Semiotics
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
semiotics of space	Bibliography	Michalowski 1999 Sumer Dreams
Semitic identity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
sence of justice	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
sense of belonging	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
sense of boundaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
sense of dependence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
sense of domination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
sense of hierarchy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.7 The Integrative Dynamic
sense of property	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.3 The Perception of Boundaries
sense of supra-urban superiority	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
sequence	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
servility	Bibliography	Tenney 2017 Servility
settlement development	Bibliography	Iamoni &al 2022 Asingeran
	Notes	2.2
settlement development (Chalcolithic)	Notes	2.2
settlement patterns	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
settlement process	Bibliography	Ur 2014 Households
settlements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
settlement system	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
Shahr-i Sokhta	Bibliography	Barjasteh 2010 Natural Phenomena
Shamash (sun-god)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
Shamshi-Adad	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Shamshi-Adad (king of Assur)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
shape of fields (agriculture)	Bibliography	Liverani 2018 Paradiso
Shar-kali-sharri	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.7 ‘Mesopotamia’
		Ch.11 > 11.2 Beyond ‘the Four River Banks’
Shehna	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Shenam-inda	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.5 The ‘King of the Four Banks’
shepherd	Bibliography	Anthonioz 2020 Shepherd
		Ivy Ewald 2010 Shepherd
		Westenholz 2004 Shepherd
shepherd (attribute of the king)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.4 The Normative Power
shifting capital	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Shubat-Enlil	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Shubat-Enlil/Tell Leilan (older Shehna)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Shulgi	Bibliography	Hilgert 1998 Drehem
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
Shuppiluliuma I	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.5
		17.7
Silver (god)	Notes	7.4
	Themes	Human Ages
Sin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
Sippar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
Sistan	Notes	8.2
Sistan Basin	Bibliography	Barjasteh 2010 Natural Phenomena
situation: ‘democracy’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
slavery	Bibliography	Gramsci 1977 Quaderni
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.14 The Functionalization of the Individual
		Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
		Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
	Notes	5.14
small kingdoms	Bibliography	Liverani 2003 Israele
small kings	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
sociability	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
social cohesion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
social complexity	Bibliography	Algaze 2001 Initial
		Guidi 2009 Complessita Sociale
social differentiation	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
social disparity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.9 Private Law: From Possession to Property
social dynamics	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
social environment	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.7 Political Ideology
social evolution	Bibliography	Sanders 1984 Demography
social exchange	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.5 The Invention of Territory
social expectations	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
social ‘glue’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
social group	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
social hierarchies	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
social identity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
sociality	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
socially constructed norms	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
social orders	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
social organization	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
social psychology	Bibliography	Turner 1987 Rediscovering
	Notes	5.16
social stratification	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
social structure	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
social structures	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
		Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
societal norms	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
society	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1
		Ch.2 > 2.6 The Dawn of Society
		Ch.3 > 3.7 Political Ideology
		Ch.5 > 5.1 The “Need” for the City
		Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
	Notes	1
		6.6
society: economy	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
society: inequality	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
society: state	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
socio-economic theory	Bibliography	Frangipane 2016 Development
sociological approach (religion)	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
socio-political perspective	Bibliography	Buccellati 1977 Urban Revolution
solidarity	Bibliography	Buccellati 2012 Coerenza
		Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
		Ch.25
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.4 The Roots of a Counter-State
		Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
		Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
		Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
		Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
		Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
		Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
		Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
		Ch.8 > 8.1 The Institutional Impulse
		Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
Song of Hedammu	Themes	Kumarbi
Song of Silver	Notes	7.4
	Themes	Human Ages
Song of Silver	Themes	Kumarbi
Song of Ullikummi	Themes	Kumarbi
sons of GN	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
sources	Notes	15.3
		15.4
Southern Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Marchetti &al 2024 Trends
Southern Mesopotamian ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
sovereignity	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
		Ch.25
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.6 The Regional Dynamics
		Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
		Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
		Ch.5 > 5.6 The Assumption of Sovereignty
sovereign organism	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
sovereign state	I. The Argument	The Core > III: The Explosion of Boundaries (2,300-2,100 BC)
space	Bibliography	Hodder 2010 Emergence
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
spacial competence	Bibliography	Wynn 1989
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.4 The Extrinsication of Faculties
	Notes	1.4
spavial competence	Notes	3.3
special competence	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
specialization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
		Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
	Notes	3.5
specialized economic functions	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
specialized storage facilities	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
spirituality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.6 The Ideology of Control
spirituality in politics	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > The differential impact of spirituality in politics
spiritual life	Bibliography	Simmel 1903 Die Grosstadte
splinters	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.1 At the Margins of the Territorial System
		Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
spoken language	Bibliography	Sanders 2009 Hebrew
springs	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
		Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
square mudbricks with similar dimensions	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
squares	Bibliography	De Pietri 2014 Piazza
Standard of Ur	Bibliography	Lawecka 2017 Tribute
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > Notes
	Notes	13.7
state	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
		Pfoh 2008 Tribes And States
		Scheidel 2013 State
	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
		The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
		The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.20
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.2 Beyond ‘the Four River Banks’
		Ch.5
		Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
		Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
		Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
	Notes	1
state: Ancient Near East	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
state and people	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
state as manifestation of order	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
state-city	Bibliography	Garfinkle 2013 A N E
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
		Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
state: concept	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
state (definition)	Notes	5.5
state: dimensions and mechanisms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.5 The State
state economy	Bibliography	Gelb 1971 Temple
state: Egypt	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
state formation	Bibliography	Bang 2013 Handbook
state formation: Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
stateless	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
state revolution	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
state society	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
stela of Pir-Huseyn	Notes	10.5
Stele of the Voltures	Notes	6.6
Stele of the Vultures	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > Notes
steppe	Bibliography	Bernbeck 1993 Steppe
		Buccellati 1993 Amorrei
		Buccellati 2003 Geyer
		Geyer 2001 Conquete
	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.21
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11
		Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
		Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
		Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.14
		Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
		Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism
		Ch. 7 > 7.2 The Geographical Context
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
		Ch. 7 > 7.7 The Steppe
	Notes	7.2
		7.7
steppe: ‘domestication’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > Notes
steppe: ‘invention’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.1 Toward the ‘Invention’
		Ch. 7 > 7.3 State and People
		Ch. 7 > 7.7 The Steppe
steppe (reinvention)	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.20
stone	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
storage	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
		Englund 1998 Texts
		Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
		Nissen &al 1993 Archaic
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
storage jars	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
storage practices	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
Storm-god	Themes	Kumarbi
strategical projectuality	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
strategy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
stratigraphic sequences	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
structural consolidation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
structural differences	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
structural elements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
structural fragility	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.3 Structural Fragility
structural homogeneity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
structuralism	Bibliography	Pace 1978 Structuralism
structural model	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
structural problems	Notes	12.3
structural similarities	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
structure	Bibliography	Buccellati 2018 Voegelin
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
structure of state	Bibliography	Pfoh 2008 Tribes And States
structures of power	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
styli	Notes	4.2
Suarians	Bibliography	Finkelstein 1955 Subartu
Subarians	Bibliography	Gelb 1944 Hurrians
	Themes	Ethnic
Subartu	Bibliography	Finkelstein 1955 Subartu
Subartu (Akkadian) = Subir (Sumerian)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.3 Subartu and Elam
Subartu/Subir	Bibliography	Michalowski 1999 Sumer Dreams
	Notes	7.6
sub-groups	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.3 The City as a Logical Construct
subordination	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
subordination treaties	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.6
subsidiary elements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
subsistence	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
Sumer = Akkadian for the Sumerian Kengir	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.2 The Federative Formula: Nippur and the Kengir League
Sumer-and-Akkad	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
Sumerian	Bibliography	Langdon 1911 Sumerian
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
Sumerian aggregation trend	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
Sumerian art	Bibliography	Sumerian Shakespeare
Sumerian city-state model	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 5d: Sumerian city-state model
Sumerian core	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 5a: The Sumerian core
Sumerian culture	Bibliography	Sumerian Shakespeare
Sumerian dictionary	Bibliography	e P S D 2
Sumerian ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
Sumerian 'en'	Notes	6.6
		8.7.2
Sumerian grammar	Bibliography	Edzard 2003 Sumerian
Sumerian: grammar	Notes	6.6
Sumerian history	Bibliography	Sumerian Shakespeare
Sumerian inscriptions	Bibliography	Barton 1929 R I S A
Sumerian King List	Bibliography	Michalowski 1983 History
Sumerian King List (Isin redaction)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
Sumerian King List (SKL)	Bibliography	Jacobsen 1939 S K L
		Marchesi 2010 S K L
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
		Ch.6 > 6.10.2 Nippur – The Navel of the World
		Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
Sumerian nationalism	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
Sumerian politics	Bibliography	Pettinato 2007 Sumeri
Sumerian protocol	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.4 Ebla – The Last Frontier
Sumerian royal inscriptions	Bibliography	E T C S R I
Sumerians	Themes	Sumerians
Sumerians: origin	Notes	6.8
Sumerian texts	Bibliography	E T C S L
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
Sumerian unification	II. The Record	Resources > Map 9: The Sumerian unification: the reign of Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
Šumma Izbu (Akkadian)	Bibliography	Leichty 1986 Catalogue
		Leichty 1987 Catalogue
super-region	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
super-urban dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17
super-urban (direction)	I. The Argument	The Core > II: The Axle of Power (3,500-2,300 BC)
supra-linearity	Notes	4.3
supra-urban awareness	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
supra-urban dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
surplus	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
		Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.2 The Alteration of Natural Processes
survival strategies	Bibliography	Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
Susa	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
Susa = Shush	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.2 Susa
Sutū, ‘Suteans’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
symbol	Bibliography	Marshack 1972 Roots
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
symbolic association	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
symbolic power (seals)	Bibliography	Frangipane 2021 Glyptic
symbolic value	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
symbolism: geo-political	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
symbols	Bibliography	Cassirer 1946 Language
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.3 The Three Fundamental Characteristics
		Ch.2 > 2.4 The Heightening of Perception
		Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
symbols in anthropology	Bibliography	Fernandez &al 1982 Symbols
symmetrical system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
		Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
syntactic system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
syntax	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
syntax of symbols	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
synthesis (data)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
Syria	Bibliography	Mora 2008 Entre
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.10 The Collapse of the Cosmopolis
Syria: archaeology	Bibliography	Akkermans- Schwartz 2003 Archaeology
Syrian Euphrates	Bibliography	Cooper L 2006 Early Urbanism
Syro-Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Buccellati F 2014 House
	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13
	Notes	8.2
Syro-Mesopotamia: ancient	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 1a: Ancient Syro-Mesopotamia
Syro-Mesopotamia: end	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.2 The End of Syro-Mesopotamia
Syro-Mesopotamia: modern	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 1b: Modern countries in Syro-Mesopotamia
system	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
systematic diffusion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.7 The Artistic Vision
system of administrative recording	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > The West
system of balances	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
system of control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
tables	II. The Record	Resources
		Resources
tabular structure	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.3 The Reconfiguration of Perception
tactics	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
Ta’idu	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Taï plaque	Bibliography	Marshack 1991 Tai
Tanakh	Bibliography	Tanakh
Tar’am-Agade	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.3 Structural Fragility
		Ch.12 > Notes
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
Tar'am-Agade	Notes	9.8
		12.3
Tar’am-Agade, daughter of Naram-Sin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > Notes
targets	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.7 The Directionality of Intents
Tarhuntassa	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Tărtăria tablets	Bibliography	Makkay 1968 Tartaria
		Paliga 1993 Tartaria
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	8.6.2
Tašmisu	Themes	Kumarbi
Taurus	Themes	Kumarbi
taxation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
		Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
taxes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
technological innovations	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
technologies	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
technology	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
Telipinu (Shuppiluliuma I’s son, viceroy in Aleppo)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
Telipinu (Shuppiluliuma I's son, viceroy in Aleppo)	Notes	17.5
Tell Banat	Notes	16.5
Tell Brak	Bibliography	Gadd 1940 Brak
		Mallowan 1947 Brak
		Michalowski 2003 Brak
		Oates 1997 Brak
	Notes	6.10.6
Tell Brak = Nagar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
Tell Chuera	Bibliography	Smith 2022 Kranzhugel
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
		Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
Tell Chuera = Abarsal? (3rd mill. BC)	Bibliography	Archi 2021 Wars
Tell Chuera = Ḫarbe? (2nd mill. BC)	Bibliography	Pfeifer 2014 Jakob
Tell Chuera: identification	Notes	6.11
Tell Hariri = Mari	Bibliography	Margueron 2003 Art
Tell Mozan = Urkesh	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
		Urkesh
	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 3b: Urkesh
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
Tell Qraya = al-Qurayya	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
Tell Sekka	Notes	14.7
Tell Sekka/Damascus	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
templar institutions	Bibliography	Sterba 1976 Management
temple	Bibliography	Hudson 1995 Privatization
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Sterba 1976 Management
temple archives	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.3 The Role of the Temple
Temple BA	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
Temple BA (Urkesh)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
temple corporation	Notes	6.10.5
temple: economic implications	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.3 The Role of the Temple
temple economy	Bibliography	Gelb 1971 Temple
temple (economy)	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Temples
temple in Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Oppenheim 1944 Temple
temple of patron god	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.18 The Primary Nuclei
temple organization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
temple: role	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.3 The Role of the Temple
temples	Bibliography	Flannery 2012 Temples Inequality
	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
temple(s)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.3 The Role of the Temple
temples	Notes	3.1
temple’s functionaries as ‘servants of the king’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
temples’s land	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.3 The Decision Making Power
Temple Terrace	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
temple terrace	Themes	Perceptual geography
		Perceptual geography > The temple terrace
Temple Terrace BT (Urkesh)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
Temple Terrace BT (Urkesh/TellMozan)	Bibliography	Head 2023 Anthropocene
temple terraces	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
Temple Terrace (Urkesh)	Bibliography	Buccellati F 2010 Terrace
	Notes	6.2
		7.6.1
tension	Bibliography	Kant 1784
tensional factor	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.9 Ethnic Affiliation
tensionality	Bibliography	Fukuyama 1992 The Endof History
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.1 Nature and Dynamism of Tensionality
Tepe Gawra	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
		Ch. 7 > The East
	Notes	6.10.6
		7.8
Tepe Zagheh	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2017 Making
terminology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.19 Chronology and Periodization
	Notes	6.6
terminology (political)	Bibliography	Gschnitzer &etal 1992 Volk
Terqa	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
Terqa: rural landscape	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 Terqa
Terqa/Tell Ashara	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.6 The Second Division: Marshes and Steppe (1700-1500 BC)
		Ch.14 > Notes
Terqa = Tell Ashara	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
Terqa/Tell Ashara	Notes	14.6
territorial base	I. The Argument	The Core > III: The Explosion of Boundaries (2,300-2,100 BC)
territorial boundaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
territorial conception	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
territorial contiguity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
territorial control	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
territorial expansion	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
territorial framework	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
territoriality	II. The Record	Resources > Table 6: The extreme limits of territoriality
	I. The Argument	The Core > VI: The Extreme Limits of Territoriality (1,100-500 BC)
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.25
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
territorially	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
territorial organization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
territorial perception	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7 Realignment of Structural Elements
territorial state of the steppe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
territorial system: the margins	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.1 At the Margins of the Territorial System
territorial whole	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
territories	Notes	7.5
territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.2 The Legacy
		Ch.13 > 13.1 The Region as a Political Construct
		Ch.15
		Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
		Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
		Ch.2
		Ch.2 > 2.5 The Invention of Territory
		Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
territory and people	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
territory as a coherent whole	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.5 The Invention of Territory
territory: conception	I. The Argument	The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
territory’s proper name	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.4 The Royal Titles
territory: supra-urban dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
Teššub	Themes	Kumarbi
texts	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
the absolute and the king	Excerpts	Buccellati 2024 > Kingship and State in Mesopotamia
Thebes (Luqsor)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
theological organization	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.7 The Politicization of the Pantheon
theoretical framework	Bibliography	Garcia- Ventura 2020 Shaping
theoretical insight	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
theory	Notes	5.16
The Song of Silver	Bibliography	Hoffner 1998 Myths
	Excerpts	Hoffner 19982 > The Song of Silver
third dynasty of Ur (= Ur III)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.5 Syro-Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
third dynasy of Ur = Ur III	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
third millennium BC (Syro-Mesopotamia)	Bibliography	Weiss 1986 Origins
thought	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
	Notes	1.6
thought squared	Bibliography	Gatto 2009 Neomarxismo
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.4 Thought “squared”
	Notes	4.4
three ecumenes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8
three great ecumenes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.1 The New Ecumene: The World as a City
Thutmose III	Bibliography	Goedicke 1974 Inverted
		Spalinger 1978 Thutmose
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > Notes
		Ch.17 > 17.4 The New Geo-Political Constructs
Tigris	Excerpts	Foster 20053 > The Tigris and the Euphrates
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
		Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
		Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
	Notes	10.3
time	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Time
		Cohen 2015 Calendars
		Ermidoro 2017 Time
		Hodder 2010 Emergence
		Stern 2012 Calendars
		Verderame 2006 Calendrier
	Excerpts	Buccellati 2014
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.5 The Invention of Time
		Ch.1 > 1.8 The Group as Community
		Ch.3 > 3.1 Alteration as an External Form of Control
	Notes	1.5
time calculation	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
time-dependent development (in research)	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
titles: kings of Akkad	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
titles of funtionaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
tokens	Bibliography	Crisa &al 2019 Tokens
		Schmandt- Besserat
		Schmandt- Besserat 1992 Before
		Schmandt- Besserat 1992 How
		Schmandt- Besserat 2007 When
		Schmandt- Besserat 2010 Token
		Schmandt- Besserat 2013 Cognitive
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Counting
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Evolution
		Schmandt- Besserat 2017 Making
		Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Invention
		Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
	Notes	4.2
tombs	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.3 > 3.8 Authority and the Emergence of Hierarchy
top-down	Bibliography	Palmer &al 1981 Canonical
	Notes	12.3
toponomy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.7 The Identifiability of People and Places
toponyms: Egyptian	Bibliography	Hoch 1994 Semitic
totalitarian dimension	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
totemism	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
town (etymology)	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
town planning: Egypt	Bibliography	Fairman 1949 Town
town planning(s)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.3 Tell Chuera – The Urban Fabric
town structure	Monographs	Cities
trade	Bibliography	Biga 2024 Byblos
		Forbes 1995 Ethnoarchaeology
		Hudson 2024 Enclave
		Zaven &al 2024 Byblos
	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 4: Uruk
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14
		Ch.3 > 3.5 The Development of the Manufacturing Process
		Ch.5 > 5.12 Industrialization of the Economy
		Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
trade: ecological imperative	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
trade routes	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.2 Long Distance Trade
tradition	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.1 > 1.9 Culture and Tradition
Transcaucasian sites	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 2c: Early Transcaucasian sites
transcendence	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Time
transcendentality	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Time
transients	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.9 The Splinters: Fugitives and Migrants
transmission of power	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
transmission of productive abilities	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2012 Apprenticeship
	Notes	3.1
trans-temporality	Bibliography	Buccellati 2014 Time
traties	Bibliography	Kitchen & Lawrence 2012 Treaty
Treasure of Ur	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.2 Mari – The Hinge Between Two Worlds
treaties	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.6 Internationalism as a System
	Notes	17.6
treatises	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
triangle of the Khabur	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
tribal revolution	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.7 The Tribal Revolution
tribe	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
		Buccellati 1993 Amorrei
	I. The Argument	The Core > IV: The Restructuring on a Regional Basis (2,100-1,600 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.4 The Roots of a Counter-State
		Ch.16
		Ch.16 > 16.2 People and Territory
		Ch.16 > 16.5 Social Structure
		Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
		Ch.5 > 5.17 Primary Perception
tribe as counter-state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.6 The Tribe as a Counter-State
tribe: origin	Bibliography	Buccellati 2008 Origin
		Liverani 1968 Review-g B 1966
tributaries	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
tribute	Bibliography	Lawecka 2017 Tribute
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
		Ch.13 > Notes
	Notes	13.7
tribute bearers	Bibliography	Lawecka 2017 Tribute
	Notes	13.7
trimophic geography	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 2a: The “trimorphic” landscape
Tur Abdin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
Tur-Abdin	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
Tutankhamun	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
	Notes	17.7
Tuttul	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
Two Rivers (i.e., Tigris and Euphrates)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.3 The Directional Import of the Rivers
Tylor	Bibliography	Durkheim 1912 Formes
Tylor, Edward Burnet	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
typology	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11.1 Eshnunna – The Relevance of the Territory
UB (Sumerogram)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.6 The ‘Four Boundaries of the World’
		Ch.10 > Notes
	Notes	10.6
udu (Sumerian) = sheep	Notes	4.2
		4.5
Ugarit	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.7 The ‘International’ Horizons: the ‘Amorite’ Kingdoms
Ugaritic	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.8 New Means of Exploitation of Natural Resources
Ugaritic ‘abecedaries’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.8 The Political Imaginary
Ullikummi	Themes	Kumarbi
umbilicus mundi	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.2 Nippur – The Navel of the World
Umma	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.3 Kish – The Structural Basis of Hegemony
underlying constants	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.2 Development Dynamics and Enduring Factors
unidirectional movements	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6 Like the Earth Seen from the Moon
unification	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.6 The Regional Dynamics
unitary consolidation	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.1 The Pendulum of Power
univeral sovereignity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
universal history	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
universalism	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.23
universalist approach	Bibliography	Hsu & Radua 2021 Expression
universal state	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.11 > 11.3 The Imperial Genius
universal state as empire	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.5 Expansionist Factors in the Nuclear State
universal state: the empire	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.6 The Assumption of Sovereignty
universe of states	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
un.meš (Sumerian) = nišū (Akkadian), ‘people’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.5 State and People
unresolved sovereignity	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
		Ch.5 > 5.6 The Assumption of Sovereignty
unsociable sociability	Bibliography	Kant 1784
upper and lower sea	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
upper land	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
upper Mesopotamia	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
	Notes	10.2
Upper Paleolithic	Bibliography	Marshack 1991 Tai
upper sea	Notes	10.2
upper sea = Mediterranean	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.10 > 10.2 Perceptual Geography
Upper Tigris	Bibliography	D Agostino 2012 Fs Pecorella
Ur	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
		Ch.15 > 15.1 The Centripetal Dimension
		Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
		Ch.9 > 9.3 The Titles of the Kings of Akkad
		Ch.9 > 9.6 The Administrative System
	Notes	6.10.4
urban centers	Bibliography	Barjasteh 2010 Natural Phenomena
urban civilization	Bibliography	Matthiae 1995 Ebla
urban communities	Bibliography	Barjamovich 2013 Mesopotamian Empires
urban crisis	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.4 The Bipolar Dimension of the Expanded Territorial State
urban development: Egypt	Bibliography	Badawy 1967 Civic
urban diffusion	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 5c: The urban diffusion
urban ecumene	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.2 The Three Ecumenes
urban experiments: fourth millennium BC	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10 The Fourth Millennium
urban experiments: third millennium BC	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.11 The Early Third Millennium
urban functions	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
urban gates: names in Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Battini 2016 Reflexions
urban identity	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2015 Power
urbanism	Notes	7.2
urbanity	Bibliography	Jazbinsek 2001 Die Grosstadte
urbanization	Bibliography	Jazbinsek 2001 Die Grosstadte
urbanization(s)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.3 The Two ‘Urbanizations’
urban landscape	Bibliography	Bab City
		Pedersen 2010 Cities
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
urban mental horizon	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
urban mind	Bibliography	Sinclair 2010 Urban Mind
urban revolution	Bibliography	Buccellati 1977 Urban Revolution
		Childe 1950 Urban
		Smith 2009 Childe
	Excerpts	Childe 1950
	I. The Argument	The Core > I: The Great Transformations (50,000-3,500 BC)
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
	Notes	1.1
		5.5
	Themes	Urban rev.
urban society	Bibliography	Kemp 1977 El- Amarna
urban trends	Bibliography	Marchetti &al 2024 Trends
urban weakening	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.4 The Bipolar Dimension of the Expanded Territorial State
Ur III	Bibliography	Al- Mutawalli &al 2017 Drehem
		Buccellati 1963 Testi
		Buccellati 1966 Amorites
		Hilgert 1998 Drehem
		Hilgert & Reichel 2003 Drehem
		Nesbit 1914 Drehem
		Tsouparopoulou 2013 Reconstruction
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14
		Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
		Ch.15 > 15.2 The Standardization of Protocol
		Ch.15 > 15.7 Control over the Territory in its Components
Urkesh	Bibliography	Kelly Buccellati 2015 Power
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.3 Structural Fragility
		Ch.6 > 6.10.6 Nagar – At the Center of the ‘Upper Country’
		Ch. 7 > 7.4 The Mythic Idealization
		Ch.8 > 8.6.3 Ideological Landscapes
		Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
	Notes	6.11.4
	Themes	Kumarbi
Urkesh ethnicity	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 1997 Ethnicity
Urkesh = Tell Mozan	Bibliography	Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2005 Hurrian
		Buccellati Kelly Buccellati 2009 Temple
		Head 2023 Anthropocene
		Urkesh
	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 3b: Urkesh
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.6.1 Urkesh
Ur = Muqayyar	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.4 Ur – Luxury as a Correlative to Power
Ur-Namma	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.2 Sumerian Unification: Ur III (2100-2000 BC)
Ur-Namma (king of Ur)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.15 > 15.6 Control over the Territory as a Whole
Ur: royal cemetery	Bibliography	Woolley 1934 Ur
Uruinimgina/Urukagina (king of Lagash and Girsu)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.5 Lagash – Temple Administration and Populism
Uruk	Bibliography	Algaze 1993 Uruk
		Liverani 2006 Uruk
		Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
	II. The Record	Resources > Figure 4: Uruk
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
		Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
		Ch. 7 > 7.6.2 Susa
		Ch.8 > 8.7.1 Agglutination: Lagash, Uruk
	Notes	4.6
		4.9
Uruk expansion	Bibliography	Rothman & Fiandra 2016 Storage
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.6.1 From Expansion to a Symmetrical System: the Colonies
Uruk ‘expansion’ or ‘colonization’	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.6 A Universe of States
Uruk period (ca. 4000-3000 BC = Late Chacolithic 2-5)	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
Uruk: texts	Bibliography	Nissen 1986 Uruk
Uruk = Warqa	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.10.1 Uruk – The Vastness of the Settlement
use of force	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
		Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
Utu-hegal	Bibliography	Thureau- Dangin 1912 Fin
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.12 > 12.4 The Retaliation of the Frontier
		Ch.12 > Notes
	Notes	12.4
valley of the Diyala	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
variegated universe	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.9 A Differentiated Homogeneity
vassalage	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.7 The Amalgamation of Sovereignty
		Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
vassal kingdoms	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
vastness of territory	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.1 The Empire as a Heterogenous Aggregation
verifiability	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.11 The Administrative Infrastructure
versions	III. Utilities	Archives
		Archives > Versions
viceroy	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.5 The Imperial Model of Limited Sovereignty
	Notes	17.5
villages	Bibliography	Moreno Garcia 2011 Village
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.2 > 2.1 The Neolithic
		Ch.2 > 2.2 The Organic Nature of Settlements
		Ch.3 > 3.3 The Built Environment
	Monographs	Cities
	Notes	3.3
villages and first cities	Bibliography	Mellaart 1967 Catal
Virgil	Themes	Human Ages
virtual sovereignty	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.4 Politics and Religion
virtual visibility	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.1 The City-State as a Nuclear Territorial State
visibility of the central nucleus	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
visual contact	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.1 The Alternative Model
Vivaldi	Bibliography	Vivaldi 1725 Cimento
vocabulary: ancient Greek	Bibliography	L S J
vocabulary: Egyptian	Bibliography	Wb
vocation of the king	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
walls	Bibliography	Hudson 2024 Enclave
war	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.23
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17
		Ch.5 > 5.10 Public Law and Ideology
		Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
		Ch.9 > 9.5 The Institutionalization of Conflict
	Notes	17.7
Warad-Sin (king of Larsa)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
warfare	Bibliography	Liverani 1994 Guerra
war: role	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.9 The Role of War
washings weapons	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.9 > 9.8 The International Horizon
Washshukanni	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > 17.3 The Supra-Urban Dimension of the Territory
watercourses	Bibliography	Adams 1981 Heartland
water management	Bibliography	Mantellini &al 2024 Development
	Notes	3.1
weapons	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.13 Organized Use of Force
Weber, Max	Bibliography	Pals 2015 Nine
web-like structure	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
wells	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.2 The Climatic Zones
When on High the Heavens (book)	Bibliography	Buccellati 2024 When
window of appearance	Bibliography	Kemp 1976 Window
woman and the bull	Bibliography	Balter 2005 Catalhoyuk
word	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4
word vectorization	Bibliography	Lynch 2024 Ph D
world	Bibliography	Masetti- Mora 2002 Mondo
	II. The Record	Resources > Table 5: The world as a city
	I. The Argument / The Core / The Narrative	Ch.23
world as a city	I. The Argument	The Core > V: The World as a City (1,600-1,100 BC)
writing	Bibliography	Amiet 1980 Glyptique
		Buccellati 2014 Dalprofondo
		Buccellati 2014 Time
		Crisa &al 2019 Tokens
		Derrida 1968 Pharmacie
		Foley 1991 Immanent Art
		Gelb 1963 Writing
		Harland 1987 Superstructuralism
		Marshack 1972 Roots
		Mc Glynn 2021 Mind
		Schmandt- Besserat 1992 Before
		Schmandt- Besserat 1992 How
		Schmandt- Besserat 2007 When
		Schmandt- Besserat 2010 Token
		Schmandt- Besserat 2013 Cognitive
		Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Counting
		Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Writing
		Sheehan Sosna 1991 Boundaries
		Strauss 1969 Mind
		Taylor 2009 Mind
		Verderame 2019 Text
	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.4
		Ch.4 > 4.10 From Prehistory to “Post-History”
		Ch.4 > 4.1 Writing
		Ch.4 > 4.2 The Syntax of Symbols
		Ch.4 > 4.7 Writing as an Index of Control
		Ch.4 > 4.8 Writing as a Structure of Control
		Ch. 7 > 7.9 On the Far Edges
		Ch.9 > 9.4 Media Awareness
	Notes	4.1
		4.3
		4.4
		4.5
writing: evolution	Bibliography	Schmandt- Besserat 2014 Evolution
		Schmandt- Besserat 2019 Invention
writing history	Bibliography	Van De Mieroop 1999 Cuneiform
writing: Mesopotamia	Bibliography	Englund 1998 Texts
writing: ‘meta-perception’	Bibliography	Bottero 1992 Reasoning
writing: mythical origin	Notes	4.1
writing: 'science'	Notes	4.6
writing: styli	Notes	4.2
writing, urban revolution	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.2 The City as an Architectural Whole
written language	Bibliography	Sanders 2009 Hebrew
xenophobia	Themes	Racism & xenophobia
		Racism & xenophobia > Xenophobia in Ancient Syro-Mesopotamia
Yahdun-Lim (king of Mari)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
yamina, ‘right’ (western part of the steppe)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.4 Nomadism
Yaqaru(m): king of Ugarit	Bibliography	Di Paolo 2013 Yaqaru
	Notes	14.7
Yasmah-Addu (Shamshi-Adad’s son, governor in Mari)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
year-name	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.3 The First Division: Isin and Larsa (2000-1800 BC)
year-round occupation sites	Excerpts	Hudson 2024 > First cities and political institutions
Zabs (Tigris tributaries)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.13 > 13.3 The Regions
Zafimaniry	Bibliography	Hodder 2010 Emergence
Zagros	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch. 7 > 7.8 The Mountain Crescent
Zannanza	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.17 > Notes
ziggurat	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.5 > 5.4 The Para-Urban Dimension
		Ch.6 > 6.2 The Territorial Foundation of Solidarity
ziggurat	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.8 > 8.7.3 Homogenous Aggregation: Kish
	Themes	Perceptual geography
		Perceptual geography > The ziggurat
Zimri-Lim (king of Mari, Yahdun-Lim’s son)	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.14 > 14.4 The First Multi-Regional State: Assur and Mari (1800 BC)
Ziyaret Tepe	Bibliography	Ziyaret
	Themes	Ethnic
Zor	Bibliography	Buccellati 1990 Terqa
zôr (Arabic): middle Euphrates area	I. The Argument The Narrative	Ch.16 > 16.3 Pastoralism