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Mesopotamian Religion

3. Notes

Notes to Chapter 25. Difficulty and Catharsis

Giorgio Buccellati, “When on High…”

August 2023

25.1 Absolute Conditioning
25.2 Comparison with the Absolute
25.3 Comparison with the Relative
25.4 The Binary Opposition
25.5 The Structure of Desire
25.6 They Too Have Lived


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  • "Bottero1992Reasoning.d": duplicate bibliography "Bottero1992Reasoning" for site "Mes-rel".
  • "Buccellati1972Teodicea.d": duplicate bibliography "Buccellati1972Teodicea" for site "Mes-lit".
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  • "Edzard2003Sumerian.d": duplicate bibliography "Edzard2003Sumerian" for site "Mes-rel".
  • "Oshima2014Sufferers.d": duplicate bibliography "Oshima2014Sufferers" for site "Mes-rel".
  • "Trinkaus1983Shanidar.d": duplicate bibliography "Trinkaus1983Shanidar" for site "Mes-rel".

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25.1 Absolute Conditioning

  1. For the concept of ‘absolute conditioning’, see Buccellati 2014 Time.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, June 2020]

  2. For a discussion on the development of first religious thoughts in Ancient Near East, see supra 6.2 and 16.1.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

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25.2 Comparison with the Absolute

  1. For the human confrontation with the ‘absolute’, see Buccellati 2014 Time.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, June 2020]

  2. On fate/destiny in ancient Mesopotamia, see supra 14.5.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  3. On creation in the Bible, see supra 6.9 and 7.9.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  4. On human freedom given by God in the Bible, see supra 5.5. Specifically on human free will in the Bible and later Rabbinic tradition, see e.g. the Jewish Encyclopedia.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

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25.3 Comparison with the Relative

  1. On the phenomenon of fragmentation in Mesopotamia, see supra 2.9.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  2. On incarnation in a Christian perspective, see supra 7.9.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  3. On the Trinitarian relationship, see supra 6.10.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

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25.4 The Binary Opposition

  1. For ** Gen 2, 17**, the biblical passage about the ‘tree of the knowledge’, see here.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  2. On the term ĕlohîm, see the Jewish Encyclopedia. For the specific Hebrew term אֱלֹהִים, ĕlohîm, ‘God(s)’, see DCH 1, pp. 277-286.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  3. For ** Gen 3, 5**, the biblical passage about the ‘becoming like gods’, see here.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  4. For ** Gen 3, 6**, the biblical passage about the tree of the knowledge becoming ‘good to eat’, see here.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  5. For ** Gen 3, 7**, the biblical passage about Adam and Eve realising to be ‘not dressed’, see here.

    On the Mesopotamian counterpart of becoming a civilized man, regarding Enkidu’s process of civilization, see supra 13.6.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  6. See Smith 1963 Before on original sin.

    – [ Jonah Lynch, January 2021]

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25.5 The Structure of Desire

  1. E io ch’al fine di tutt’ i disii / appropinquava, sí com’ io dovea, / l’ardor del desiderio in me finii. (Dante, Commedia Paradiso XXXIII).

    – [ Giorgio Buccellati, March 2020]

  2. On the topic of desire, analysed under a philosophical and psychological perspective, see e.g. Marks 1986 Desire.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  3. See Marks 1986 Desire on the topic of desire.

    – [ Jonah Lynch, January 2021]

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25.6 They Too Have Lived

  1. For the text of the Assyrian elegy left by an anonymous poet of the 7th cent. BC presenting a dialogue in front of a woman’s grave, see Foster 2005 Before, p. 949 (Text G.IV.29), with further literature in notes.

    The text has been republished and deeply analysed in George 2010 Elegy.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, November 2020]

  2. For a detailed analysis of the metaphor of the boat in ancient Mesopotamian literature see Hatinen 2017 Boat

    – [ Stefania Ermidoro, November 2020]

  3. See George 2010 Elegy for the transliteration and English translation of the Assyrian elegy reported by G. Buccellati at the end of his volume.

    – [ Marco De Pietri, January 2021]